Difussion of Innovation
Difussion of Innovation
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The diffusion of innovations according to Rogers. With successive groups of consumers adopting the new technology (shown in blue), its market share (yellow) will eventually reach the saturation level. In mathematics the S curve is known as the logistic function.Diffusion of Innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures. The concept was first studied by the French sociologist Gabriel Tarde (1890) and by German and Austrian anthropologists such as Friedrich Ratzel and Leo Frobenius.[1] Its basic epidemiological or internal-influence form was formulated by H. Earl Pemberton,[2] who provided examples of institutional diffusion such as postage stamps and compulsory school laws.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Elements
3 Decisions
4 Mechanism
5 Rates of adoption
6 Rogers 5 Factors
7 Adopter categories
8 Heterophily and communication channels
9 Opinion leaders within a social system
10 Organizations
11 Consequences of adoption
11.1 Public vs. Private
11.2 Benefits vs. Costs
12 Mathematical treatment
13 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
14 Diffusion data
15 Criticism
16 Electronic communication social networks
17 See also
18 References
18.1 Notations
18.2 Notes
19 External links
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In 1962 Everett Rogers, a professor of rural sociology published Diffusion of Innovations. In the book, Rogers synthesized research from over 508 diffusion studies and produced a theory for the adoption of innovations among individuals and organization.
The book proposed 4 main elements that influence the spread of a new idea: the innovation, communication channels, time, and a social system. That is, diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. Individuals progress through 5 stages: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. If the innovation is adopted, it