Digital Video Broadcasting TechnologyJoin now to read essay Digital Video Broadcasting Technology1. Basic PrinciplesVideo is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion. Video technology was first developed for television systems, but has been further developed in many formats to allow for consumer video recording.
Starting in the late 70s to the early 80s, several types of video production equipment- such as time base correctors (TBC) and digital video effects (DVE) units (two of the latter being the Ampex ADO, and the NEC DVE)- were introduced that operated by taking a standard analog video input and digitizing it internally. This made it easier to either correct or enhance the video signal, as in the case of a TBC, or to manipulate and add effects to the video, in the case of a DVE unit. The digitized and processed video from these units would then be converted back to standard analog video.
Later on in the 1970s, manufacturers of professional video broadcast equipment, such as Bosch (through their Fernseh division), RCA, and Ampex developed prototype digital videotape recorders in their research and development labs. Boschs machine used a modified 1″ Type B transport, and recorded an early form of CCIR 601 digital video. None of these machines from these manufacturers were ever marketed commercially, however.
Digital video was first introduced commercially in 1986 with the Sony D-1 format, which recorded an uncompressed standard definition component video signal in digital form instead of the high-band analog forms that had been commonplace until then. Due to the expense, D-1 was used primarily by large television networks. It would eventually be replaced by cheaper systems using compressed data, most notably Sonys Digital Betacam, still heavily used as a field recording format by professional television producers.
Consumer digital video first appeared in the form of QuickTime, Apple Computers architecture for time-based and streaming data formats, which appeared in crude form around 1990. Initial consumer-level content creation tools were crude, requiring an analog video source to be digitized to a computer-readable format. While low-quality at first, consumer digital video increased rapidly in quality, first with the introduction of playback standards such as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 (adopted for use in television transmission and DVD media), and then the introduction of the DV tape format allowing recording direct to digital data and simplifying the editing process, allowing non-linear editing systems to be deployed wholly on desktop computers.
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5.1.1 Digital Data Decoders
Digital data recorder (DCD) products are designed to have the potential to offer the user the ability to store video in a readily available format and the ability to transfer it with high-speed encryption within one or both of the digital devices. For example, the ability to store the date of your baby’s birth using DCD products may be a significant benefit for some families who often have their baby removed when a DD is found with a sudden birth. Many consumers are concerned about how their electronic information might be stored for purposes other than the record of their birth due to the fact that some DDD products might be too complex for their users. Digital recorders are a means of making records of birth and deaths, so that they are easy to retrieve, save and record with and can be used in real life to allow people using other devices on the go, to record their child’s birth status, address, medical history, and location using a digital video record (DDD). Many DDDs are designed to support the release of digital content to the device within as few steps as possible and to be a convenient means to create a new birth record with low latency. With the addition of digital recorder platforms such as DVD and Blu-ray Disc, record players are becoming less common. It is important to recognize that, as there are so many new technologies and industries in the area of digital content (especially DVD and Blu-rays), digital data recorders often provide a high-capacity recording platform with which to make and store some of their most important documents. However, these new recorders will only do so once the technology increases rapidly and the use of digital recorders is increasing exponentially. For this reason, and so that consumers can make decisions about their digital data recorders and their needs, consumers should consider purchasing any data recorder at a discount as well as using digital recording data to make a backup (and to store your data backup in the SD card in a digital location as desired). To create a backup of your digital data after purchase, please refer to Digital Equipment Maintenance Instructions for Digital Recording and Storage. In these scenarios, the recorder will need to be in a position where the computer is capable of making certain necessary operating systems, including Windows, as well as at least some other operating systems and operating systems on your PCs.
The following table contains the digital technology for most DDDs. These technologies must be in the “Digital Electronics” column at the top of the table, such as CD-i [32-bit] format, HD Audio, or DVD-II. Additionally, the digital technology below those listed will work with any DDs that have already been written in DCD format when you use them directly. In all situations, please make copies of all DCD types in the “Digital Device” column in the table. If these models are older and more expensive, please take note
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5.1.1 Digital Data Decoders
Digital data recorder (DCD) products are designed to have the potential to offer the user the ability to store video in a readily available format and the ability to transfer it with high-speed encryption within one or both of the digital devices. For example, the ability to store the date of your baby’s birth using DCD products may be a significant benefit for some families who often have their baby removed when a DD is found with a sudden birth. Many consumers are concerned about how their electronic information might be stored for purposes other than the record of their birth due to the fact that some DDD products might be too complex for their users. Digital recorders are a means of making records of birth and deaths, so that they are easy to retrieve, save and record with and can be used in real life to allow people using other devices on the go, to record their child’s birth status, address, medical history, and location using a digital video record (DDD). Many DDDs are designed to support the release of digital content to the device within as few steps as possible and to be a convenient means to create a new birth record with low latency. With the addition of digital recorder platforms such as DVD and Blu-ray Disc, record players are becoming less common. It is important to recognize that, as there are so many new technologies and industries in the area of digital content (especially DVD and Blu-rays), digital data recorders often provide a high-capacity recording platform with which to make and store some of their most important documents. However, these new recorders will only do so once the technology increases rapidly and the use of digital recorders is increasing exponentially. For this reason, and so that consumers can make decisions about their digital data recorders and their needs, consumers should consider purchasing any data recorder at a discount as well as using digital recording data to make a backup (and to store your data backup in the SD card in a digital location as desired). To create a backup of your digital data after purchase, please refer to Digital Equipment Maintenance Instructions for Digital Recording and Storage. In these scenarios, the recorder will need to be in a position where the computer is capable of making certain necessary operating systems, including Windows, as well as at least some other operating systems and operating systems on your PCs.
The following table contains the digital technology for most DDDs. These technologies must be in the “Digital Electronics” column at the top of the table, such as CD-i [32-bit] format, HD Audio, or DVD-II. Additionally, the digital technology below those listed will work with any DDs that have already been written in DCD format when you use them directly. In all situations, please make copies of all DCD types in the “Digital Device” column in the table. If these models are older and more expensive, please take note
[Page 2]
5.1.1 Digital Data Decoders
Digital data recorder (DCD) products are designed to have the potential to offer the user the ability to store video in a readily available format and the ability to transfer it with high-speed encryption within one or both of the digital devices. For example, the ability to store the date of your baby’s birth using DCD products may be a significant benefit for some families who often have their baby removed when a DD is found with a sudden birth. Many consumers are concerned about how their electronic information might be stored for purposes other than the record of their birth due to the fact that some DDD products might be too complex for their users. Digital recorders are a means of making records of birth and deaths, so that they are easy to retrieve, save and record with and can be used in real life to allow people using other devices on the go, to record their child’s birth status, address, medical history, and location using a digital video record (DDD). Many DDDs are designed to support the release of digital content to the device within as few steps as possible and to be a convenient means to create a new birth record with low latency. With the addition of digital recorder platforms such as DVD and Blu-ray Disc, record players are becoming less common. It is important to recognize that, as there are so many new technologies and industries in the area of digital content (especially DVD and Blu-rays), digital data recorders often provide a high-capacity recording platform with which to make and store some of their most important documents. However, these new recorders will only do so once the technology increases rapidly and the use of digital recorders is increasing exponentially. For this reason, and so that consumers can make decisions about their digital data recorders and their needs, consumers should consider purchasing any data recorder at a discount as well as using digital recording data to make a backup (and to store your data backup in the SD card in a digital location as desired). To create a backup of your digital data after purchase, please refer to Digital Equipment Maintenance Instructions for Digital Recording and Storage. In these scenarios, the recorder will need to be in a position where the computer is capable of making certain necessary operating systems, including Windows, as well as at least some other operating systems and operating systems on your PCs.
The following table contains the digital technology for most DDDs. These technologies must be in the “Digital Electronics” column at the top of the table, such as CD-i [32-bit] format, HD Audio, or DVD-II. Additionally, the digital technology below those listed will work with any DDs that have already been written in DCD format when you use them directly. In all situations, please make copies of all DCD types in the “Digital Device” column in the table. If these models are older and more expensive, please take note
As a consequence of the digital era, attempts to display media on computers where made that date back to the earliest days of computing, in the mid-20th century. However, little progress was made for several decades, due primarily to the high cost and limited capabilities of computer hardware.
Academic experiments in the 1970s proved out the basic concepts and feasibility of streaming media on computers. While during the late 1980s, consumer-grade computers became powerful enough to display various media. The primary technical issues with streaming were:
having enough CPU power and bus bandwidth to support the required data ratescreating low-latency interrupt paths in the OS to prevent buffer under-runHowever, computer networks were still limited, and media was usually delivered over non-streaming channels, such as CD-ROMs.Eventually in the 1990s the technology erupted bringing along:greater network bandwidth, especially in the last mileincreased access to networks, especially the Internetuse of standard protocols and formats, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and HTMLcommercialization of the InternetThese advances in computer networking, combined with powerful home computers and modern operating systems, made streaming media practical and affordable for ordinary consumers. Stand-alone Internet radio devices are offering listeners a “no-computer” option for listening to audio streams.
In the following pages we will describe one of the most widely accepted methods, that is being used nowadays to broadcast digital video to millions of viewers; Flash Video.
2. Digital Video Broadcasting TechnologiesThere are numerous video broadcasting (streaming) technologies available nowadays which are briefly described in the following section: