The Relationship Between Discipline And Obidience From Montessori Perspective.
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Montessori Philosophy
Question: Explain the relationship between discipline and obedience from the Montessori perspective. Explain how discipline and obedience are linked to the development of the will.
Maria Montessori (1988) believed that the discipline of a child is something to come, not something that is already present. It means discipline must be stimulated, observed and let it grow by itself. How to start stimulating or awakening discipline inside a child? Montessori says, “Ð an individual is disciplined when he is the master of himself and when he can, as a consequence, control himself when he must follow a rule of life” (Montessori, 1997, p. 51).
To awaken the childs inner energy to become disciplined, the teachers role is needed in order to prepare and observe the child to develop his/her inner discipline. Due to the social environment challenges, child has developed a defensive character which covers his/her real nature that is actually could lead him/her to become disciplined. This is the main obstacle to awaken the childs discipline. Therefore school must be able to help the childs spirit to expand and show its powers. Child should have freedom to follow his/her own course and let him/her to free himself/herself and regain the nature that enables him/her to become disciplined. The teachers main task is to prepare the environment that is needed, provide the means and remove the obstacles to become discipline.
In this case teacher is only obliged to observe the children, without being noticed by them, when they are doing the correct thing, which is parallel with their skill perfection process. In case children do things that are destructive and asocial, then teacher has to interfere. Therefore it is essential for teacher to discuss the ground rules with the children, which should be observed by all.
Within a prepared environment (Montessori in Standing, 1984), a child will be able to develop discipline. By having freedom to choose materials he/she likes, child will repeatedly practice with them and finally develops his/her concentration. When he/she has been able to concentrate, then this child will become disciplined.
The level of childs discipline will reach its maturational level when whatever the child is doing is driven by the energy that comes from within him/her. The child will have self discipline when he/she wants to do exercise voluntarily, without having any need to be praised or awarded by anyone in return. He/she knows exactly that the exercise or task is useful for them. This means he/she has full control of himself/herself on what to do and what not to do.
If a child keeps on doing the exercise repeatedly, then he/she starts developing his/her awareness of its benefit for his/her skill development. At this stage child has been conscious why he/she chooses to do something, so this child has had a control on his/her own will. This means child will able to direct his/her inner energy to obey external instruction that is given by the environment. This is the stage when the child is becoming obedient.
Obedience is closely related to the development of will. This will power is attained if only a child manages to develop it, from merely unconscious power that instinctively drives the child to follow his/her own course, to a deliberate power that makes him/her chooses to do some action. He/she also will fully understand that the object he/she chooses will be beneficial to his/her skill development to perfection. This means that this child has a full command of controlling himself/herself.
This development of will power is done by letting the child to do some object that he/she chooses independently and repeatedly in a prepared environment. Why did Montessori make a prepared environment is an important variable? “Ðrealizing the peculiarly absorbent nature of the childs mind, she has prepared for him a special environment; and, then placing the child within it, has given him freedom to live in it, absorbing what he finds there” (Standing, 1984, p. 265).
This chosen object or exercise will not only enable child to develop his/her will that is needed to become disciplined, but also will allow him/her to learn on how to control error (Montessori, 1988). In a sense that when a child does the exercise repeatedly, he/she will be able to independently realize or note should he/she make any mistake. By being able to do so, subsequently for the next opportunity he/she will make sure that he/she should not do the same error again, which means he/she could correct the error by himself/herself.
Obedience could be attained only when a child has fully developed and controlled his/her will, and he/she freely chooses to follow others instruction or orders. This could happen because the child recognizes that the person who gives the order loves him/her and is more knowledgeable than him/her, also this child is sure that the order given will be useful to perfect his/her skill.
Having explained the discipline and obedience, now we could conclude that these two features will only be developed in a child if he/she is already able to control the inner power from within. This is whether to do something based on his/her likes, or to do something just because the child has already understood that he/she has to follow orders from others, because there are common norms that a child have to obey should he/she want to live with other people collectively. In case a child has not been able yet to control his/her will, then it is impossible for this child to become discipline and obedient.
When we are talking about obedience, there are three levels of them. The first level of obedience is reached when a child has been able to develop his/her horme (Nunn in Montessori, 1988) into a will. The example of horme was shown when my son was 8 month. He loved to put anything that found on his way in his mouth and bit it. One day he found a sandal and immediately put it into his mouth and started biting it. I tried to stop him doing that and took the sandal off his mouth and moved him to the other room. But I found out that he return to the place where