Dictatorship
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The term dictatorship can be defined as, ÐÐŽÐoa form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator.ÐЎб Throughout the past many dictators have risen with their quest for their own utopias. The most well-known dictators in modern history are Adolf Hitler, a ruler of the Third Reich, Francisco Franco, a Spanish dictator, and Benito Mussolini, an Italian dictator. In spite of their extraordinary thoughts and exceptional doctrines, their dreams of utopia were miscarried. The failure of dictatorships in the modern Western World was caused by dictatorsÐÐŽÐЇ unattainable goals; economically, politically, and socially. The downfall of these three representative dictators illustrates a view of the entire Western World as a whole.
Adolf Hitler, a legendary dictator from Germany, was not effective in controlling the economy in the Third Reich. The Third Reich was the German state from 1933 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler. There were many policies created to control the economy during the war. Some of these included the Nazi policies towards women. This strongly encouraged them to stay at home, their main purpose to bear children and keep the house. The unemployment rate was cut substantially, primarily through arms production and sending women home so that men could take their jobs. Lowering the unemployment rate was a brilliant idea, yet the idea conflicted with a plan of work efficiencies, bringing down the efficiencies of the nation. Hitler also managed one of the greatest developments of industrial production and civil improvement Germany had ever seen, mostly based on debt flotation and expansion of the military. The idea of producing mass destruction and war machines left business owners extremely wealthy, yet others poor. Only about 23% of the populations were involved in business industry , proving 77% of the ordinary people suffered from the poorness and relied on a piece of bread. As a result, the general population experienced a bottom life, which never allowed HitlerÐÐŽÐЇs success in his world.
HitlerÐÐŽÐЇs political goal was also unachievable causing a collapse of his world. His political doctrine stated that communism and dictatorship must work together as a team in order to come out with the most efficient results. The communism, which emphasizes common good before individual good, was a revolutionary political system that was welcomed by civilizations. It worked out well when it was first introduced to the people, praising HitlerÐÐŽÐЇs promise for the equal distributions. As time went by, however, people became frustrated with this idea, because they received exactly same amount of quota no matter how hard they worked. People became less effective consequently, which Hitler could not have thought of.
The failure of HitlerÐÐŽÐЇs Germany was also evidently foreseen through his cruel cultural ambition. Under the nation of a supreme Aryan race, the Jews were treated as animals in a blocked cage. The Nazi Holocaust, persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious, and political groups, especially towards to Jews. The Jews of Europe were the main victims of the Holocaust in what the Nazis called the ÐÐŽÐoFinal Solution of the Jewish QuestionÐЎб. The estimate number of Jewish victims from this incident was from five million to over six million. The program of the National Socialist German WorkerÐÐŽÐЇs Party claimed that:
Only those who are our fellow countrymen can become citizens. Only those who have German blood, regardless of creed, can be our countrymen Hence no Jew can be a countryman.
HitlerÐÐŽÐЇs eccentric hatred towards Jews unsuccessfully faced the end as the Third Reich gradually demolished. Adolf HitlerÐÐŽÐЇs extraordinary thoughts in politic, economy, and social did not carry out positive effects on the societies, and doomed in 1945, as Hitler passed away.
Benito Mussolini, a dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943. His ideal utopia was somewhat different from the one that Hitler had dreamed of, mostly based on his doctrine of fascism. Nonetheless, Mussolini also failed in establishing a solid economic system in his land. Mussolini put strenuous efforts to make Italy self-sufficient country. Mussolini transferred a number of industries from public to private ownership. However by the 1930s, he had begun moving back to the opposite extreme of rigid governmental control of industry. A great deal of money was spent on highly visible public works, and on international prestige projects. The economy, obviously suffered badly from this, and a concentration on heavy industry proved challenging because Italy lacked the basic resources. The idea of transferring the country into self-sufficient was a brilliant plan, but lack of currency was such an obstacle for him to carry out positive news.
MussoliniÐÐŽÐЇs fascism stressed that state apparatus being supreme. This basically required a loyalty to a single leader, and complete obedience to a single nationalistic culture. An article that is written by Mussolini in 1932 stated that:
The State not only is authority which governs and molds individual wills with laws and values of spiritual life, but it is also power which makes its will prevail abroad For the Fascist, everything is within the State and neither individuals nor groups are outside the State For Fascism, the State is an absolute, before which individuals or groups are only relative…
The enforcement of the Italian Fascism took away freedom from the civilizations, gave them a fear of the absolute power. People were not happy with the state come before the individuals, and numerous riots and protestations against the goveremnt arose in here and there. Mussolini could do whatever he wanted with his absolute power, yet could not successfully
impress his people; proving ÐÐŽÐono people = no nationÐЎб.
MussoliniÐÐŽÐЇs social doctrine was not troublesome at all till he accepted the
German annexation of Austria in 1938. MussoliniÐÐŽÐЇs successful war against Abyssinia in 1935-1936 was opposed by the League of Nations, led to Hitler seeking an alliance with fascist Italy. Consequently Mussolini had to