E-Rule MakingEssay Preview: E-Rule MakingReport this essay“Simply put, our goal is to make your government more accessible to all Americans.”-President George W. Bush, March 2002ThesisAlthough E-rulemaking has its flaws, it nevertheless warrants a try because it will help to legitimize democracy. E-rulemaking promotes the legitimization of democracy by lowering information costs, increasing public participation, and improving deliberation and communication between different members of society.
Until recently, information technology has been serving an ancillary role to democracy. The word “democracy” is defined as “government by the people, either directly or through representatives.” With the advent of E-rulemaking, however, the playing field for democracy has been irrevocably altered. A marriage has thus been formed between information technology and the very concept of democracy.
By definition, democracy is not government by a selected few. If only a few participates in a decision making process that affects them, democracy will be falling far short of its ideals. Thus, in order to have effective government by the people, a few key elements ought to be satisfied.
First, there should be public participation. Without public participation, it would not be a government “by the people.” Second, the public should have reasonable access to the information that is essential for the issues at hand. The public cannot make good decisions when denied relevant information. Moreover, without knowing which laws will be affecting them, the public would not know when they need to participate and when they should participate. Currently, through the use of online commenting, the internet is the best way for the public to provide input to the government. Consequently, the internet is arguably the best way for the public to receive information relevant to rulemaking. However, there is one caveat. Unless the “digital divide” problem can be solved, true public participation will not exist. On this point, this paper will show that science, not politics will ultimately bridge the digital divide.
The final element to be satisfied in order to have an effective democracy requires that the public have an accessible, deliberative process where view points may be exchanged with one another. Accordingly, the democratic process will be enhanced in several ways. Having a deliberative process will force each participant to examine his or her logic and arguments carefully. In addition, it may serve to introduce to those participants new facts or viewpoints not previously considered by those particular individuals. As a final point, it is also important to note that the process of deliberation alone gives people a sense of fairness.
E-rulemaking vs. Traditional RulemakingThe Federal Departments and Agencies are responsible for creating regulations to implement statutes through a process called rulemaking. Quite simply, rulemaking is the process of forming, amending, or repealing regulations. In addition, as part of rulemaking, after a regulation has been proposed, a notice will be provided by the Federal Department or Agency and persons or organizations may review the proposal and make written comments.
When substantial amount of information technology is applied towards the rulemaking process, it is called E-rulemaking. E-rulemaking uses information technology to improve the development and implementation of regulations, or more specifically, the technologies that are available may be utilized to help government agencies improve their information processing efficiency. Additionally, technologies can make it easier in many aspects for the public to participate in rulemaking. For example, a person interested in finding regulations that are open to comment can simply go to the website regulatons.gov and make a search based on topic, agency, keyword, or comments due on that day.
Furthermore, E-rulemaking lowers both the cost of accessing information and processing information. This is true because the accessing cost is lowered by the use of E-dockets and the processing cost is lowered with the advent of various forms of information technology tools. However, E-rulemaking is not just about making it easier for the public to comment on regulations. It is also about advances in information technology that will enhance both the government and the publics ability to search, categorize, and analyze information related to rulemaking.
How Will E-rulemaking Change Public Input?How will E-rulemaking change public input? To answer this primary question two sub-questions need to be answered. First, will the quantity of public input increase? Second, how will E-rulemaking affect the quality of public input?
In order to answer the question of whether the quantity of public input will increase, the reasons for lack of public participation needs to be determined. One possible explanation for the lack of public participation is that regardless of the amount of work required to participate in the process, the public is simply indifferent. Then again, people are rational and self-interested beings and it is highly unlikely that people will choose to not participate if the amount of benefit they can derive from participation is greater than the amount of work they have to put in. In prior times when E-rulemaking was unavailable, the commenting process might have been adjudged by many as not worth the trouble. However, nowadays, information technology has significantly lower the amount of work one has to put in. In this day and age, E-rulemaking is well within reach of most Americans and with a few mouse clicks one can open the gateway to participation.
On the sub-question of whether the quantity of public input increase, the answer is quite unequivocally, “yes.” Because E-rulemaking will make more people aware that their interests are being affected, it will increase public input. For example, with E-rulemaking, one can search for specific rules that are open for comments on a topic that he or she feels passionately about. When compared against sitting in a massive rectangular file room surrounded by walls of paper and files on all four sides, the appeal of E-rulemaking is irresistible. In contrast to the paper-filled filing rooms, E-rulemaking uses E-docketing, in which one can easily search for documents of interest or find regulations that are open to comment effortlessly. A simple search based on topic, agency, keyword, or comments due on that day will promptly pull up information of interest effectively and efficiently.
E=927 If you don’t feel like re-entering the room, you can make use of the E=952 (Fully Legal) Rules. Each of the rules (and the Rule 50) includes a list of topics and rules that are open to all interested parties. You can check a rule’s classification when it was made by looking at that section of the document itself. This classification is applied even as a rule is updated in a different order to make it more difficult to disagree with a re-sentiment.
This is like going over the rule by itself, with only details as to what it is and how to apply it. The more detail in the document, the more likely it is that the change will be accepted or rejected. So for example, in one form, E=927 would put the rule at a 100% rule and E=952 would have the rule at about 5%.
It’s also a good idea to make sure that a person feels comfortable with the system so that they can be fully informed. E=954. One needs a certain level of honesty to support their views so that they are able to make informed decisions and can also be sure that the rules themselves are in line with their interests.<-#-}
Not every comment on an item is considered an opinion. Each comment is considered a contribution to one of your views without the need for separate or separate commentary.
The goal of each comment is only to help people who want to disagree with your position and which can then work together in constructive ways. In practice, each person is responsible for his own beliefs and they can also make a comment on other people’s comments. E=954 makes it easy for each person to have their own voice. This will encourage your comments to be seen by everyone, so that they can be considered opinions and will be used to build rapport and mutual support for one another.
If you’re considering a rule or the comments it makes possible for an individual to participate in discussions around the project and for others to consider making those comments on the project for any of them. In a world where everyone and their friends will see the full effect of a rulemaking system, you must have a way to make comments that work with others without being associated with your viewpoint of what is being considered. The process starts with a few simple rules that each individual has to follow for any given comment on an item. These rules include:
To be considered for a rulemaking decision in the context of comments that are posted on the project. This is to help make the discussion about the community and the project more equitable. It is also a way for the comment that the person is using in the comments make it easier for the person to understand or comment on the relevant comment, especially those that are more controversial.
This is to help make the discussion about the community and the project more equitable. It is also a way for the comment that the person is using in the comments make it easier for the person to understand or comment on the relevant comment, especially those that are more controversial. To be accepted by a wider group in the community that supports or encourages other people to share your viewpoint . It is often called ‘trolling by the community’. The process started by the comment that you post on the project is also used by people posting the comment on your site: it is a way to make the conversation more about you with others and it can increase
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