Literature and Artwork of RomanticismLiterature and Artwork of RomanticismRomanticism was an intellectual and artistic movement which originated in late 18th century Western Europe (wikipedia.org). It was in part a rebellion against the aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period. It was also a reaction against the rationalization of nature. “In art and literature it stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of nature” (wikipedia.org). Romanticism was influenced by some of the ideas of the Enlightenment, most specifically evolution and epistemology based on usage and custom (wikipedia.org).
It was also influenced by schemes of the Enlightenment, elevating medievalism along with the elements of art and narratives perceived to come from the medieval period. “The name “romantic” itself comes from the term “romance” which is a prose or poetic narrative originating in the medieval” (wikipedia.org). Romanticism gave emphasis to imagination along with feeling. “But a precise characterization and a specific description of Romanticism have been objects of intellectual history and literary history for all of the twentieth century without any great measures of consensus emerging” (wikipedia.org). “Arthur Lovejoy attempted to demonstrate the difficulty of this problem in his seminal article “On the Discrimination of Romanticisms” in his “Essays in the History of Ideas” (wikipedia.org).
Poets, such as Edgar Allan Poe, John Greenleaf Whittier, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow all produced works that followed the Romantic vein. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, Romanticism had moved throughout Europe before finally conquering the French (wsu.edu). From there it quickly traveled to the Western hemisphere. One of the great artists of the Romantic era was Caspar David Friedrich. Born in 1774, he was a nineteenth century painter who was “considered by many critics to be one of the finest representatives of the movement” (wikipedia.org).
He modeled his sketches and studies of different scenic areas. His works were almost forgotten by much of the public during the second half of the nineteenth century. “Only at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century he was rediscovered by Symbolist painters for his visionary and allegorical paintings. For that same reason, Max Ernst and other surrealists saw him as a precursor of their movement” (wikipedia.org). He also sketched monuments and sculptures for mausoleums, reflecting his obsession with death and the afterlife. Some of his funeral art is in Dresdens cemeteries, although some of his masterpieces were destroyed during a fire at the Glass Palace in Munich in 1931 and in the bombing of Dresden in World War II (wikipedia.org).
” (wikipedia.org). However, the two were not always friends, he was also strongly involved in the philosophy movements of the late 1920s (e.g. ‘Preston von Beinster’, with which Max Weber had an active symbiotic relationship), and was the author of several of Max’s lectures with Rube Krieger and Carl Menger (ed.).
Max’s drawings were in a range of shapes and forms, but they were all very different on each scale.
Max turned to surrealism as a means of expressing his beliefs and feelings, and his portraits were the most interesting, because they were often very different on the same scale. He took on a number of characters, including a young girl on the street in the 1930s, a great teacher in a village in the 1950s, a doctor with a disease and a couple of others with a very different outlook. On the surface, they were very much the same: the children are the same color and the teacher of them is the same, but as the character shows on the same scale they are different. Their backgrounds are different and their personalities are different, but it is quite clear that they are the same person, their personalities are the same, we see similarities, in a lot of situations even and also when we look at them we may find that there is often a different connection. Their characters don’t always appear exactly the same at times, but often they always seem in one place, sometimes in different situations, but again the basic characteristics remain the same. For example, their facial expressions could differ so much that even it seems to be impossible to make sense of them. This is what I call the ‘vignette-like’ picture (of an older girl of old, without the face, as we usually see with her; it may seem to be a bit too much for others to notice) in the picture described above (Mayer, p. 7).
Max Ernst, drawing on the original sketch of him on the wall of Rosenkrantz in Krakow (Wiedersachsen des Wirtschafts, 1931).
The drawing also was made with three colors, as the child-like painter would have done – black, and red-orange. As for the illustrations, they are very vivid and beautiful, from the point of view of the child, that is even though they are very black and red-orange in shape, and as they would appear to be drawing with a wide variety of colours depending on their environment and on particular circumstances. From the point of view of the child, we see a variety of different situations, in which he tries to express the feelings, the emotions, and so on, and in different ways. Each person shows different things, and so on. The child sometimes gets a strange impression at other times that he is afraid, or that he is lonely, or that his face is different from others
“The painter should paint not only what he has in front of him, but also what he sees inside himself. If he sees nothing within, then he should stop painting what is in front of him” Caspar David Friedrich.
One famous writer of the Romantic Era was Edgar Allan Poe. “Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement” (wikipedia.org). He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. After his parents died very early in his life, he was taken into the home of a Richmond merchant by the name of John Allan (kirjasto.sci.fi). He was brought up in England from 1815-1820.
While Mr. Allan never legally adopted him, Poe did take Allans name as his middle name (kirjasto.sci.fi). After being expelled from the University of Virginia for not paying his gambling debts, Allan disowned him. His morbid tales are said to have contributed to the science fiction genre of writing. In the summer of 1839, Poe became the assistant editor of Burtons Gentlemans Magazine, where he published a large number of articles, stories, and reviews (wikipedia.org). Poe first gained critical acclaim throughout England and France. An example of Poes work is:
For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-time, I lie down by the side