Law Case Study – Edna Marie Leach – an Old Woman
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68 Ohio Misc. 1 (1980)
LEACH, GUARDIAN,
AKRON GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER ET AL.
No. C80-10-20.
Court of Common Pleas of Summit County, Probate Division.
Decided December 18, 1980.
2*2 Mr. William L. Curtice, for plaintiff.
Ms. Elizabeth A. Reilly, guardian ad litem, pro se.
Buckingham, Doolittle & Burroughs Co., L.P.A., and Mr. Gary A. Banas, for defendants.
Mr. Stephan M. Gabalac, prosecuting attorney, and Mr. Timothy M. Hartman, for intervening defendant.
SPICER, J.
Edna Marie Leach is a seventy-year-old housewife and the mother of two children, Roy A. Leach and Mary E. Hoyt. Neither child resides with his parents. Roy lives in Akron and Mary in Phoenix, Arizona. Mrs. Leach has a number of brothers and sisters. Gifford Leach, her husband, is a retired laborer from B. F. Goodrich Company. Edna and Gifford reside in a modest home which they own as tenants in common. Mrs. Leach has no valuable assets other than three small insurance policies and two bank accounts. If Mrs. Leach were to die, Mr. Leach would be the beneficiary of the insurance proceeds, and the children would share the accounts. Most of all hospital and medical costs are covered by either Medicare or Goodrich.
Mrs. Leach was an energetic woman who enjoyed good health until two years ago. At that time, she developed a problem in her lower back, which became a marked weakness of most of the muscles of her lower extremities. This condition caused her to walk in a bent-over position. On June 11, 1980, she entered a hospital and her condition was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressively deteriorating, disabling disease of the nervous system.
Mrs. Leach was informed by her treating physician, Dr. Howard Shapiro, of the disease and that it would be terminal within three to five years. He further informed her she would be incapacitated. Mrs. Leachs condition deteriorated and she was admitted to Akron General Medical Center on July 27, 1980, in a stuporous condition with difficulty in breathing. After some improvement in the early hours of July 29th, Edna suffered a cardiac arrest. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation was administered and Mrs. Leachs heartbeat was quickly restored. She was then placed on a life support system.
3*3 The life support system consists of a respirator, a nasogastric tube, and a catheter. The respirator is for breathing and enters the body through a tube inserted in an incision in the trachea. The nasogastric tube is for feeding and consists of a tube entering the nose and extending into the stomach. The catheter is for bladder elimination. Mrs. Leach has been on that system for just over four months. During that four-month period she has not responded or shown any recognition of attempts to communicate with her. She does not move her extremities. She cannot breathe on her own. She does react to deep pain by grimacing. Her eyes react to light stimuli. There is eye movement. However, the eye movement is not associated with cognitive recognition. EEG scans have shown very low brain activity. Her state of being is described as semi-comatose, or chronic vegetative.[1] Attempts have been made to wean her from the respirator with no success. Mrs. Leachs present condition is the result of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cardiac arrest, or some combination thereof.
Mrs. Leachs condition is a continuing anxiety to her family. In addition, it constitutes an expense approximating $500 a day to her insurance company. Mr. Leach, observing his wifes condition, contacted Dr. Shapiro and requested that the use of the respirator be terminated. On October 13, 1980, Dr. Shapiro responded with a letter stating her condition to be “hopeless” and “her ultimate demise is only a matter of time,” but he refused to end her life support. Dr. Shapiro further indicated that life support could only be terminated by court order.
Mr. Leach sought legal counsel. On the basis of Mrs. Leachs incompetency, Mr. Leach, by this court, was appointed her legal guardian. Mr. Leach and Mrs. Leachs two children then instituted this action for an order to discontinue life supports of Edna Marie Leach. Pursuant to that request, this court, after having appointed Elizabeth A. Reilly as guardian ad litem, ordered the matter set for evidentiary hearing. On November 4 and 5, 1980, an evidentiary hearing was held. Additional evidence was taken on December 2, 1980. A total of 17 witnesses testified. Much of the testimony was directed towards two areas: Mrs. Leachs desires in reference to being 4*4 placed on a life support system, and the prognosis for Mrs. Leachs survival. Mr. Leach, Helen Carr, a friend, Mrs. Carpenter, a sister, Patsy Novoselich, a friend, Avis Joseph, a cousin, and Annaleisa Manning, a cousin, all testified as to numerous conversations concerning life support systems. In each of those conversations, Mrs. Leach expressed a desire, if ill, not to be placed on a life support system. The last of those conversations took place in Mrs. Leachs bedroom only two days prior to her entering the hospital. Mrs. Carr recalled one conversation in which Mrs. Leach said:
“Thats the one thing that terrifies me. I dont want to be put on life support systems. I dont want to live if I have to be a vegetable.”
Robert Crawford, Mrs. Leachs pastor, testified that while he had not discussed life supports with her, he did say that nothing in the familys request “violates the tenets of her faith or of my church.”
As to the prognosis of Mrs. Leachs future health, three neurologists testified: Dr. Howard Shapiro, Dr. Harvey Friedman and Dr. Richard J. Lederman. Dr. Shapiro was called by the guardian and Doctors Friedman and Lederman by the guardian ad litem. Each doctor is a specialist in treating the nervous system and brain diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and each has conducted a physical examination of Mrs. Leach. All three agreed that Mrs. Leach was not dead under any accepted medical standard. All three agreed that she suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is terminal, and that there is no known treatment for such a disease. All agreed that she suffered brain damage. Doctors Friedman and Lederman stated she has suffered irreversible brain damage. Dr. Friedman said:
“I think, unequivocally, she has suffered irreversible brain damage.”