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The Cystic Fibrosis Gene The Cystic Fibrosis Gene The Cystic Fibrosis Gene Introduction Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that exerts its main effects on the digestive system and the lungs. This disease is the most common genetic disorder amongst Caucasians. Cystic fibrosis affects about one in 2,500 people, with one in twenty.