Origin of the TriadsEssay Preview: Origin of the TriadsReport this essayAlthough in modern times, the Triads are mostly associated with criminal activity, they originated as mutual support organizations for people at the bottom of the social hierarchy and to defend the common people from those of positions in power “to offer unacquainted people the kind of protection and mutual aid normally afforded by family members” (Murray 178). How they began has been agreed back and forth for many years and lots of theories have come up. However it is generally accepted that the Triads were established during the fall of the Ching dynasty, even thought there are some that argue that the Triads date as back as the Han dynasty. It is also accepted that it was the Chinese who developed the Triads to rebel against the Manchus and foreign traders from Europe.
The Mandate of Heaven is an important tradition that dates back to the Chou dynasty who established this concept to justify their hostile take over of the Shang dynasty. When all was at peace and China was prospering, the people recognized that the Emperor held the Mandate of Heaven, during this time secret societies like the Triads were not needed and dramatically lost power. However, as the dynasty progressed and the EmperorÐЎЦs rule lessened and corruption increased, support for the secret societies increased until it got so big that revolts occurred the eventually the former dynasty was ended and a new one formed in its place.
Predominately, two theories have stuck out from the rest as the most likely theories of the rest. One theory is that they were secret organizations established by radical Chinese who recognized that the Ching was losing the Mandate of Heaven and so they organized rebellions against the Ching. The other theory states that it was the survivors of a massacre organized by the Ching Emperor, five disgruntled Shaolin monks that went into hiding and established several secret societies to rebel against the Ching (Liu 20).
As Manchuria was not part of China, when they took over the Ming dynasty and established the Ching dynasty, many Chinese resented them because they were foreign and also because their standard of living is higher than that of a common Chinese family (wReflexes). Another reason that the Ching rulers were looked down upon was because during Ching rule, a lot of foreign powers came into China and because China wasnÐЎЦt as technologically advanced, the Europeans easily took over parts of China including Guangzhou and Hong Kong. This caused many Chinese to hate the Ching and look down on them as being weak and making the rest of China weak.
Many of the men that established the Triads were once soldiers for the Imperial Army of the Ming Dynasty, but when the Ming surrendered to the Manchurian invaders, the survivors of the wars ÐЎЧformed small pockets of armed resistanceÐÐŽÐÐ (Liu 21). However they were forced to go underground because the newly established Ching rulers were really harsh and stated that those not loyal to the Ching will be executed (Liu 22). On the other hand, after the Emperor to set ÐЎЧ300 of his Imperial GuardsÐÐŽÐÐ (Liu 23) on the monastery and were also ordered to kill the monks (Liu 23). The monks that survived also had to go into hiding in order to found secret societies dedicated to overthrowing the Ching dynasty (wReflexes).
The cause for the establishment of the Triads is different for each theory, one is out of personal gain and the other is for the country. The underground rebellions founded by the monks were out of revenge. They were rebelling against the Ching for the death of their brothers and for the burning of the monastery. Their motives were very personal, whereas according to the first theory, the people established the secret societies for the good of China, thinking that the Ching rulers, being foreign, should not rule China and thus set up the rebellions and upheaval as to drive the foreign power out. The two theories were all aiming to vanquish a common enemy but their cause for setting it up was different.
As the focus has shifted from a patriotc cause to a criminal organsation, the triads became muscles to hire, being part of almost every uprising. In 1796, a rebellion lasting eight years broke out. What started as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society amongst some poor settlers on the border between Sichuan province and Shaanxi province, eventually made the Ching administration intervene. At first they sent inadequate soldiers for battle and failed to suppress the rebels (White Lotus Rebellion). However, in 1799, the Ching returned with sufficient troops to eliminate the rebels. Eventually that particular rebellion was finally crushed but it was not a total loss, this was the stepping stone
The Revolution: an Historical Analysis
Roughly thirty years after the initial uprising, Chinese authorities gradually turned their attention to the question of a new kind of armed revolutionary which would become a force for stability of the Ming. During the first few decades of the Ming, a number of nationalist organizations and movements were active at the same time; the New People’s Army, the People’s Liberation Army, and others. However, in the following five decades, there were three new groups which grew larger, forming two small committees. It was by these organizations and others like them that several of those on the Chinese mainland first made the name of the Party for People’s Liberation in China. From these organizations, the Party adopted the terms of organization that led to a much larger, broader, and more militant government.
Roughly ninety-seven years after the first Nationalist organization of the Qing Dynasty, the CCP was established on the first-day of its official existence with several of its main participants as “the masses”.
The two Chinese factions of the CCP, the “the masses” and the “left”, met in the spring of 1799 after five years of hard work, leading to a series of small meetings in which each faction would discuss the following four areas related to each other for an eight-day conference. After taking the oath of office, the CCP members could submit all the issues they considered to the government (the ruling party, the party as a whole, etc.), and would propose new reforms.
During this time, the CCP leadership could begin to use a different language to make contact. The CCP was able to gain a more international feeling for their policy ideas. To achieve its goals, the party held two conferences: The Cultural Revolution and the Cultural Revolution of the People’s Republic of China (in 1799). The first was held in Shanghai on March 28. The second was held on July 16, 1796 in the Lusitania district of Lianyang. During the second session, the “left” party convened in support of a resolution saying that all human rights violations in China should be punishable by imprisonment under the Laws relating to war. The three parties held a single general meeting on August 15, at which each was allowed an independent debate, then the government could make its decision.
After the Cultural Revolution, the CCP became even more powerful in Xinjiang, especially after the revolution of 1854. The Nationalist Party, the Central Committee of the National Congress, and others had the capacity to speak up. At the General Meeting in May, delegates from the Central Committee met to discuss various government issues with the masses, mostly for the benefit of party leaders: the Party was called forth in support of “the common people”.
Despite the power of China’s left