Essay About Fallacy List And Exclusive Events

Logic Unit 5 – Coursework – Chelsea Payton
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Logic Unit 5
UNIT 5 ASSIGNMENTS
Assignment 9: Inductive Reasoning
Read Chapter 9 of the course text, then look over the below questions, and then reread the chapter with the below questions in mind. Submit your complete set of answers, i.e., answers for all assignments in the Unit, before the deadline (see syllabus).

1. Inductive probability can be increased by strengthening the _____ or weakening the _____.
Premises; conclusions
2. Evaluate the inductive probability of the below argument.
I spoke to three of my friends in the course and they all earned a D.
 Almost everyone in the course earned a D.
Weak argument, because the sample size of three is too small to justify the generalization expressed by the conclusion.
3. Give an example of a necessary and sufficient cause for an event.
Consider a situation in which a fair die is tossed once. Here are six equally likely possible outcomes: the die shows a one, denoted A1 (A subscript 2),…, and the die shows a six, denoted A6. Calculate the following probabilities:

(a). P(A1)
(b). P(~A1)
(c). P(A1  A3)
(d). P(A1 & A3)
(a). 1/6
(b). 10 – 1/6 = 5/6
(c). 2/6 = 1/3
(d). 0/6 (since the one die tossed cannot show two numbers)
4. What does ‘mutually exclusive’ mean, what is an example of mutually exclusive events, and what is the formula for calculating the probability of either of the mutually exclusive events occurring?

Mutually Exclusive: Events that cannot occur simultaneously.
Example: Prove: P(~A) = 1 – P(A)
Since A  ~A is tautologous, by Axiom 2, we have P(A  ~A) = 1.
And since A and ~A are mutually exclusive, by Axiom 3, P(A  ~A)
= P(A) + P(~A), and so P(~A) = 1 – P(A).
Formula: P (A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
5. Identify, in terms of inductive kind (“Argument by …”), and formalize, in terms of objects and properties (“Se, Ae,…”), the following argument.
Estelle is sweet, assiduous, polite, sometimes clumsy, and an insomniac.
Hernando is sweet, assiduous, polite, and sometimes clumsy.
 Hernando is an insomniac.
Humean Argument
For Questions 6-10 consult the Fallacy List (posted by the Syllabus). Fallacies, roughly, are popular mistakes of a logical sort in which logical reasons for accepting a conclusion are lacking and instead other factors are brought into play. The Fallacy List names and briefly describes the general patterns of some of these typical mistakes.

For each of the following passages, identify (in your words if necessary or desired) the conclusion (i.e., “the bottom line”) of the passage and then evaluate the proposed reason in the passage for that conclusion. If a fallacy is committed, write the name of the fallacy in the “Fallacy:” space provided below the passage. If no fallacy is committed, write “No fallacy” in that space.

Example: According to the advertising industry, breakfast cereal is associated with trim youthfulness, athletic prowess, and vibrant good health; whiskey is associated with luxury and achievement; the automobile with romance, riches, and sex.

Conclusion: We should buy these products.
Fallacy: Ad populum (indirect version)
Julie to Mary: “If you don’t love your boyfriend anymore, then just dump him without explaining anything.”
Conclusion: Dump your boyfriend.
Fallacy: Argumentum ad Populum (direct)
It would be unconstitutional to outlaw sawed-off shotguns because the Second Amendment protects the right to bear arms.
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(2018, 01). Logic Unit 5. EssaysForStudent.com. Retrieved 01, 2018, from
“Logic Unit 5” EssaysForStudent.com. 01 2018. 2018. 01 2018 < "Logic Unit 5." EssaysForStudent.com. EssaysForStudent.com, 01 2018. Web. 01 2018. < "Logic Unit 5." EssaysForStudent.com. 01, 2018. Accessed 01, 2018. Essay Preview By: Chelsea Payton Submitted: January 31, 2018 Essay Length: 2,558 Words / 11 Pages Paper type: Coursework Views: 531 Report this essay Tweet Related Essays The United States Is to Blame for the Cold War The US is to blame for the Cold War From when World War II ended in 1945 all the way up to the collapse of 1,101 Words  |  5 Pages Why Was the United States Unsuccessful in Vietnam? The communist beliefs began in 1848, when Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote a book called The Communist Manifesto. This book defined the beliefs of 1,968 Words  |  8 Pages United States History Us History The United States is located in the middle of the North American continent, with Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. 606 Words  |  3 Pages Music in the United States With the start of the 20th century music began to play a huge part in the rapidly maturing United States. The music of the 1,329 Words  |  6 Pages Similar Topics Funding United States Space Program Criticality Logical Normalcy Get Access to 89,000+ Essays and Term Papers Join 209,000+ Other Students High Quality Essays and Documents Sign up © 2008–2020 EssaysForStudent.comFree Essays, Book Reports, Term Papers and Research Papers Essays Sign up Sign in Contact us Site Map Privacy Policy Terms of Service Facebook Twitter