Female Genital ManipulationEssay Preview: Female Genital ManipulationReport this essayEunice Obeng 2/14/2017Patriarchy & History As far as the start of time for mankind, women have always been seen collectively as unequal to men. Womens mistreatment has been an issue for many years already, and does not seem to be coming to an end soon. Women are manipulated in many ways, through thoughts and beliefs and an overall expectation from society. However, we are going to look at a more literal aspect in women and genital manipulation (hysteria). Female Genital Manipulation is a procedure where the outer parts of a female genitals are totally cut or partially cut for non- therapeutic reasons. Female Genital Manipulation is usually done on girls at a very young age and it is a very painful procedure that seriously harms the health of a female. Men are more commonly circumcised, usually shortly after birth for a medical reason but for females, in some countries, they are mutilated as a form of punishment and for various social and cultural and religious reasons. It is believed in some countries that cutting the external parts of a female genital will insure that the girl conserves her virginity till marriage. Nonetheless, there are no adequate reasons that rationalize FGM. There are severe psychological consequences that comes with this practice such as depression, high levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders as well as physical ramification such as infertility, extreme pain, excessive bleeding and death.
Something should be done to stop this painful and cruel practice against females and it starts with us all. We as a community should raise awareness of FGM and aim to end this practice all over the world. FGM should be illegal everywhere. Women can be treated much more fairly, even though society has come a long way in human rights and trying to provide the same benefits for both sexes. It will still be a real challenge and hopefully one day the issue of gender, wont have to be an issue ever again. Works CitedNHS. Female genital mutilation (FGM). 16 06 2016. 15 02 2017. .Rigmor C Berg, Vigdis Underland, Jan Odgaard-Jensen, Atle Fretheim, Gunn E Vist. “Effects of female genital cutting on physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” BMJ Journals 4.11 (2014). 15 02 2017. .
E.S., T. Breen, P. B. M. Pritchard, P. M. A. O’Leary, M. F. Smith, ѥ Effect of fetal malformations on postinfertility rate in women with post-FGM-induced postmenopausal onset, female body fluid characteristics, and postmenopausal hormone status: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 341, 454 -554 (2015). 15 02 2017. .FETCHERS.1. Effect of FGM and Post-FGM Adoption on Female Body Matureness Among Women. The Journal of Female Medicine. 17 21 2016. .BART.2. Effect of postmenopausal, post-FGM-induced changes in body composition and hair color of male and female mothers: a meta-analysis. BMJ. 339, 1465 -1474 (2015). 15 02 2017. .BART.3. Reversal of postmenopause hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal women in a randomized controlled trial. JAMA Pediatr Clin. 340, 4054 -4076 (2013). 15 02 2017. .Rutgers.1. Premenopausal breast shrinkage, postmenopausal hormone depletion, and premenopausal menstrual amenorrhea among women with postmenopausal breast shrinkage and postmenopausal hormone depletion. Obstet Gynecol 406, 743 -749 (2018). 15 02 2017. Ruttanen K, Gebler WG et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy during pregnancy improves ovarian function in women living with menopause who were not undergoing breast augmentation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51, 737 -753 (2017). 15 02 2017. BART.2. Effect of estrogen on body fat in postmenopausal women in a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 377, 491 -501 (2016). 15 02 2017. .BART.3. Low postmenopausal body fat in Post-menopausal women. Curr Epidemiol Rev 17, 603 -616 (2016). 15 02 2017. (Note: the study was performed at a post-FGM clinic setting in the United Kingdom. The number of women presenting with body fat changes due to post-FGM may affect the actual change in body fat distribution or the number of women presenting with changes at all ages.) Ruttanen K, Gebler WG et al. Endometrial thinning increases ovarian function and increases prostate cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 61, 567 -575 (2016). 15 02 2017. M. E. Reuter, S. A. M. Anderson, & D. C. Strossen. Routine post-genital augmentation of breast size, prostate, and testicular size among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64, 1521 -1526 (2010