Nietzsche
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In 1859 Charles Darwin offered a theory that seemed to disprove the longstanding explanation of the origin of existence. Darwins theory of evolution proposes a convincing argument that the universe was not created for a purpose, with intention, by a conscious God, but rather, was a phenomenon of random change. Friedrich Nietzsche articulated the gravity of the affect of Darwins theory on society. He said that when Darwin published the theory of evolution people stopped believing in God. Nietzsche wrote that when people stopped believing in God, God died. Nietzsches assertion pivots on the assumption that Gods existence depends solely on human belief. Nietzsche assumes that belief is the greatest power that humans possess, but that this belief could not stand strong against the theory of evolution.
Many people believe that in order for life to be worth living, there must be an overarching purpose to existence, and thus, according to Nietzsche, form illusions for the sake of comfort. By believing in a morality, God, or other higher cause, people get to live their dream that there is ultimate justification for everything. This serves to allow the imposition of an illusion so that one does not have to view the “truth” of the universe. One of these “truths” that Nietzsche proposes people deny is the “death of God”. Nietzsches statement that “God is dead” is intended to imply that there is a more accurate manner of existing now than following traditional doctrine dogmatically simply because it is tradition. Nietzsche believes that the time has passed when mankind “needed” the conception of God and the accompanying moralities, and that a new existence is coming into being. This new way of life is in accords with what he terms the way of the Overman (Superman), who has no need of a god, and lives life fully, strongly, and without appealing to outside notions. With Gods death, Nietzsche proposes that “we must become gods ourselves” in order to be “worthy of this greatest of all deeds”. This serves to demand a transformation of the self to be a more powerful, more aware, and more active participant in life. Nietzsche says that with the death of God, a new sea of possibility has opened before us. This rests on the observation that there have always been many options that man would not let himself consider or experience, and with the removal of the conception of God, these options are now possible. Additionally, each of these options begets new experiences and new growth, and thus new possibilities. Nietzsche heralds the death of God as the most profound event that has ever occurred.
Not seeing any overall gain in a system of beliefs which teaches suppression, he purposes to give us a new one which is not only said to be as effective but also frees us of Christianitys