Ainsworth Strange Situation with Infants and Presence
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Ainsworth Strange Situation (Paradigm)- With infants and presence
of mother. Secure attachment- explore surroundings; insecure attachment- cling to mothers
Albert Bandura: major vire on learning & Bobo Doll Experiment- Children watched adults beat Bobo Doll; taken to room with lots of toys, but we separated from them; taken into room with Bobo Doll and children reinacted what they had seen adults do.
Albert Ellis- Rational Emotive Theraoy (RET)- One of the first forms of cognitive therapycognitive, emotive, and behavioral methods… a direct effect of internal messages with self
Alfred Adler- inferiority complex- behavior driven by wanting to overcome childhood inferiority… Social tensions crucial for personality formation.
all-or-nothing law (all-or-none) of neural firing- how energy moves through the body… A synapse response either fires of it doesnt
Aaron Becks view of depression:
Based on dreams of those who are depressed. Beck noticed negative themes that haunted depressed people even after they were awake. He said that they saw life through “dark glasses”. Becks theory was that gentle questioning could help those glasses to become clearer.
Absolute threshold:
The minimum amount of stimulus energy that can be detected 50% of the time. Basically, the highest, longest, farthest, etc that a person or his mind can stretch itself.
Achievement tests vs. Aptitude tests:
Achievement tests measure what a person has learned or accomplished in a particular area, such as an algebra test in school. Aptitude tests are designed to measure a persons CAPACITY to learn or perform certain things, such as the “differentiated testing” several of you went through in elementary school to see if you could handle more rigorous studies.
Action vs. Resting potential:
Imagine this happening in the brain. An electric impulse is fired by a neuron and travels down the axon. This would be considered action, as it happens. Resting potential occurs in an axon, the interior of which is fluid and negatively charged, and the outside of which has positively charged ions. There is potential for action there, but since nothing has happened yet, it is considered to be resting.
Acuity (vision):
Basically, this is clarity of things you literally see with your eyes.
31. Bystander Intervention: Factors That Influence It
The best odds of our helping someone occur when:
-We have just observed someone else being helpful.
-We are not in a hurry.
-The victim appears to need and deserve help.
-The victim is in some way similar to us.
-We are in a small town or rural area.
-We are feeling guilty.
-We are focused on others and not preoccupied.
-We are in a good mood.
32. Cannons Critique of James-Lange Theory
Cannon thought the bodys responses were not distinct enough to evoke the different emotions, and concluded that physiological arousal and our emotional experience occur simultaneously: The emotion-triggering stimulus is routed simultaneously to the brains cortex, causing the subjective awareness of emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, causing the bodys arousal.
33. Carl Rogers: Person (Client Centered Therapy)
A humanistic therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients growth.
34. Carol Gilligans Critique of Kohlbergs Theory
Gilligan didnt believe women are less capable of developing moral reasoning, and argued that Kohlberg was gender biased.
35. Chaining
Putting various new resources together, in order to learn a new skill.
26. Blind Spot: The point at which the optic nerve
leaves the eye, creating a “blind spot” because no
receptor cells are located there.
27. Blood Brain Barrier: Enables the brain to keep
out unwanted chemicals circulating in the blood. Only
things like oxygen, glucose, and certain other
substances can cross this barrier.
28. Brain: what part do we share with animals? How
do we differ? We share the part of the brain at the
base of our skull where the brain meets the spinal
cord. This area of the brain is importaing for
functions such as heartbeat, balance, digesting, and
breathing. Only the higher parts of the brain
(cerebral cortex) differ with animals.
29. Brainstorming: Problem solving technique,
analyzing all possibilities.
30. Brocas aphasia (expressive) located in the
frontal lobe: Brocas area is an area of the frontal
lobe (usually the left hemisphere), that directs
muscle movements involved in speech. Aphasia is the
impairment of language usually cause be left
hemisphere damage to Brocas area. (Brocas Aphasia
is a kind of language disorder that is caused by
damage