Car Engine, Brief Fuel System Explanation
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THE FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel system pumps fuel from the tank and mixes it with air so that the proper air/fuel mixture can flow into the cylinders (because to make the little explosion to work it needs oxygen) then it give out a little spark. Fuel is delivered in three common ways: carburetion, port fuel injection and direct fuel injection.
In carburetion, a mechanism called a carburetor mixes fuel into air as the air flows into the engine.
In a fuel-injected engine, the right amount of fuel is injected individually into each cylinder either right above the intake valve (port fuel injection) or directly into the cylinder (direct fuel injection).
Ill be discussing the fuel injected engine.
As new engines were designed, throttle body fuel injection was replaced by multi-port fuel injection (also known as port, multi-point or sequential fuel injection). These systems have a fuel injector to infuse fuel to each cylinder; its usually positioned so that they spray right at the intake valve. These systems provide more accurate fuel metering and quicker response.
When you step on the gas pedal, the throttle valve opens up, letting in air. The engine control unit (ECU, the computer that controls all of the electronic machinery on your engine) “sees” the valve open and increases the fuel rate in expectancy of more air entering the engine. It is important to increase the fuel rate as soon as the throttle valve opens: otherwise, when the gas pedal is first pressed, there may be a faltering as some air reaches the cylinders without enough fuel in it.
Sensors monitor the mass of air entering the engine, as well as the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. The ECU uses this information to adjust the fuel delivery so that the air-to-fuel ratio is just right.
The amount of fuel supplied to the engine is determined by the amount of time the fuel injector stays open. This is called the pulse width, and it is controlled by the ECU. The injectors are mounted in the intake manifold so that they spray fuel directly at the intake valves. A pipe called the fuel rail supplies pressurized fuel to all of the injectors.
The lubrication system makes sure that every moving part in the engine gets oil so that it can move easily. One of the two main parts needing oil is the pistons (so they can slide