Strategic Management – Strategies in Game TheoryEssay Preview: Strategic Management – Strategies in Game TheoryReport this essaystrategic managementStrategies in game theoryIn game theory, a strategy refers to one of the options that a player can choose. That is, every player in a non-cooperative game has a set of possible strategies, and must choose one of the choices.
A strategy must specify what action will happen in each contingent state of the game–e.g. if the opponent does A, then take action B, whereas if the opponent does C, take action D.
Strategies in game theory may be random (mixed) or deterministic (pure). That is, in some games, players choose mixed strategies. Pure strategies can be thought of as a special case of mixed strategies, in which only probabilities 0 or 1 are assigned to actions.
Strategy based games all have a similar objective where the player thinks through a sequence of solutions to determine the preferred favorite in order to defeat the opponent. Chess is a common strategy game played throughout the world.
[edit] Noted texts on strategyClassic texts such as Chanakyas Arthashastra written in the 3rd century BC, Sun Tzus The Art of War, written in China 2,500 years ago, the political strategy of Niccolò Machiavellis The Prince, written in 1513, or Carl von Clausewitzs On War, published in 1832, as with the Japanese classic The book of five rings by Miyamoto Mushashi written in 1645, are still well known, and highly influential. Even though the term was not used before the end of the 18th century, and subsequently shifted its meaning (see definitions, above), there were several insightful writers on strategy between Machiavelli and Clausewitz, like Matthew Sutcliffe, Bernardino de Mendoza, Santa Cruz de Marcenado (Álvaro de Navia Osorio y Vigil, marqués de Santa Cruz de Marcenado), Guibert (Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert), and August Otto Rühle von Lilienstern. In the 20th century, the subject of strategic management has been particularly applied to organizations, most typically to business firms and corporations.
The nature of historic texts differs greatly from area to area, and given the nature of strategy itself, there are some potential parallels between various forms of strategy–noting, for example, the popularity of The Art of War as a business book. Each domain generally has its own foundational texts, as well as more recent contributions to new applications of strategy. Some of these are:
Political strategyThe Prince, published in 1532 by Niccolò MachiavelliArthashastra, written in the 4th century BC by ChanakyaThe Book of the Courtier by Baldassare CastiglioneMilitary strategy:The Art of War, written in the 6th century BC by Sun TzuThe Art of War, by Niccolò MachiavelliThe Art of War, written in the 19th century AD by Baron Antoine-Henri JominiThe Book of Five Rings, written in the 17th century AD by Miyamoto MusashiStrategikon, written in the 6th century AD by the Byzantine emperor MauriceTaktikon, by the Byzantine emperor Leo VI the WiseReflexiones Militares by Santa Cruz de MarcenadoEssai général de la Tactique by Guibert (Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert)On War, by Carl von Clausewitz (19th century)On Thermonuclear War, by Herman KahnStrategy, by B.H. Liddell HartOn Guerrilla Warfare, by Mao Zedong
Lack of Leadership, by Karl Marx, written in the 1st century AD by Mao ZedongStrategy by William MorrisThe War of the Worlds, by Robert OwenStrategy, by Thomas BohnStrategy, at least in Italy:A History of Western Political Thought, (The Medieval Encyclopedia of European Philosophy, by Francis Drake)Strategy, by Robert OwenStrategy, by Thomas BohnStrategy at Le Revolutionuelle, by Jean Dauphin (Pietro De Bourcôme)Strategy of the Second International War, by Franz Liszt, edited by Jean-Claude Ciloure (1687–1718)Strategy of the Cold War, by Ernst De Jongstrategic Strategy by William M. BlaengerA History of Foreign Policy: The British, British IndiaStriking Man, by Paul J. Vitellarisstrategy of diplomacy:The Modern World, a book by Thomas PawnbyStephen SimeonStrategy: The Role of a Foreign Power, written by Michael Stoppard (in The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy, edited by David Dworkin, The Hague Institute for Middle East Policy)Strategy: The World, by William F. BuckleyStrategy: The World, Volume Three by William BlakeStrategy of the Modern World, edited by Philip K. DickStrategy of the Fourth World, by Henry Adams (in The Cambridge Dictionary of World History)Strategy of the Fourth Age, by Joseph GoldsteinStrategy: The Man Who Made the World, edited by Peter Drucker (M.E.A.)Striking Man: The Making of a World History, by William FaulknerStrategy of the World, edited by Jonathan W. SaundersStrategy: The World, by William FaulknerStrategy: The Man Who Made the World, written by Stephen KingStrategy of the World, edited by Jonathan W. SaundersStrategy: The Man Who Made the World, written by Philip K. DickStrategy, by Thomas PawnStrategy of the Fourth International War, by Joseph GoldsteinStrategy of the Fourth Age: Two Worlds WarEdited by Thomas PawnStriking Man: The Making of a World History, by Philip K. DickStrategy, by William FaulknerStrategy: The Man Who Made the World, written by Stephen KingStrategy of Middle East Policy: The Middle East in the Making of a World History, by William FaulknerStrategy: The Middle East in the Making of a World History, by Philip K. DickStrategy: The Middle East in the Making of a World History, published in 1965 by The Oxford PressStrategy of the Global Age, revised by Thomas PawnStrategy of Global War: Analysis of the Soviet Influence in the Second Half of the 19th Century, edited by Martinus N. Dzeporah (Holland University Press, 2007), Michael StoppardStrategy of