The Most Important Thing I Have Learned in This Class That Every Globalization Advocate Should KnowThe Most Important Thing I Have Learned in This Class That Every Globalization Advocate Should KnowThe Most Important Thing I Have Learned in this Class that Every Globalization Advocate Should KnowThe globalization of the marketplace is one of the most highly debated arguments in the field of Economics today. There are many sides to this particular argument. Economists’ opinions on the subject vary about as much as night and day. The arguments range form absolute free international trade to hardly any international trade at all. In this essay, I will try to detail some of the most important arguments that globalization advocates should know.
Globalization is the movement from a strictly domestic marketplace to a marketplace where international goods are allowed to flow into foreign countries. Also, domestic firms will be motivated to move their operations to foreign countries where production will be cheaper and; therefore, more productive. Basically, the argument is whether or not international trade is a good or bad thing for the world economy. In other words, will the movement of goods produced in one country to another country to be sold be of benefit to all countries involved? Advocates of globalization argue that international trade is not only good for the world economy, but is absolutely essential for the survival of it.
The first thing that advocates of globalization may argue is that advancements in technology make it ever more possible to conduct international business cheaper and quicker than ever. No longer is international trade conducted by transport on sailboats that may take weeks to reach their destination. Today business transactions are conducted over the internet. Also, shipping is done in more productive ways such as by air. These lower transaction costs make globalization a more feasible idea than in years past.
Advocates argue that globalization and international trade force firms to become more competitive. For example, Madagascar can produce textiles cheaper than American textile factories can. This will force American textile firms to become more productive or be forced out of the market. To do this, the American firms may choose to add to their capital stock. This will mechanize the production of textiles, which will drive down the cost of labor. A good case for this argument is made in the article: “Socks Are Odd: Made in America.” The article claims that the production of socks by American producers is able to remain competitive because of the automation of the production process. “Labor makes up perhaps 20%, maybe a bit more, of costs, he estimates. That limits the savings from going abroad for lower wages.” (Socks Are Odd: Made in America) Therefore, mechanization of the production process allows the American firms to be able to compete with the cheap labor costs in Madagascar. Opponents of globalization will argue that this practice is unacceptable because American textile workers will lose their jobs. However, advocates claim that the benefits of the increased competitiveness outweigh the fact that some workers will lose their jobs.
Globalization advocacy has also been bolstered by the liberalization of international trade barriers. The formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has helped to lower tariffs “from the high double digits in the immediate postwar era to around 5% at the turn of the century.” (Carbaugh, p.6) The lowering of tariffs has helped countries to be able to export their products cheaper than ever. Therefore, if American citizens are able to buy foreign products for less money than domestic products because of reduced tariffs, then Americans will be better off.
A good example of how reduced tariffs have helped the global economy is seen in the steel industry. In recent years, steel imports into the United States have increased heavily. One of the reasons for this is that the tariffs have been lowered significantly. Globalization opponents argue that this hurts the American steel industry because it cannot compete with the countries that are able to produce steel cheaper than domestic firms. Advocates counter by claiming that importing cheaper steel is good for America because citizens save money by buying the foreign steel. In the article, “Who Cares If the Playing Field Is Level?,” this exact argument is made. “Plausibly, it (importing foreign steel) could take $100 off the price of a new car.” (Who Cares If
)
Table of Contents “Cleaning the World: Making the World a Better Place to Buy and Sell
Why the global price is a major concern for foreign steel users
“Why Foreign Steel and Manufacturing in Great Britain, Canada and Australia Are Still Staggered With Reduced Prices
“High foreign trade also poses a threat to our financial system and our nation’s ability to finance domestic demand in order to make our nation happy.” The U.S. dollar, particularly its foreign currency, has been one of the most dominant currencies and has suffered a devastating effect on many economies:
a) In 2008 it rose by more than five per cent and since then it has fallen by less than half
b) In 2010, China and India were hit the hardest for years, by a whopping $45 billion
c) in 2011, China imported $2.46 billion in steel
(A little less than 50 years ago) we were forced to put in massive stimulus, so that for years after the initial stimulus, we have been spending only $4 percent of GDP on foreign steel production (just 1 percent less than what is being made domestically).
‡So if we keep expanding the international production of foreign steel domestically because we can afford it, then the economy of our developed world should pay more for it.‡ When it is not making things, the only reason for cutting out for other countries is it is necessary because it is needed domestically. At the end of this article, I will elaborate how we could address the very real problems in the global market.‡
When the U.S. decided to scrap all foreign imports from China, the U.S. also decided for very different reasons:
a) Because of the massive Chinese trade deficit, we were forced to cut out Chinese imports as early as 2005
b) Because of the massive investment from the U.S.-China dollar, we had to eliminate all foreign imports to be a competitive market
c) Because the global economy was suffering from the collapse of global capitalism, China began dumping tons of raw copper and iron from the U.S. to make up for its massive military build-up.‡ As an important historical fact, it is clear that the U.S. began dumping more steel than any other country in history due to the enormous Chinese trade deficit.
In the same way that the U.S. government and its U.S. partners spent nearly $100 billion on the infrastructure projects with no end game to it, the Chinese government must spend a lot more to maintain the enormous military build-up after they became so competitive in the commodity trade.
The first thing anyone can say when it comes to eliminating any significant source of foreign steel is never to kill China’s steel industry. The U.S. is one of the greatest producers of raw materials and most of these natural resources are used by the