Essay About Greek Language And Greek Historian Herodotus

Greece and Iran, 1000-30 Bce
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Chapter 4 Study GuideGreece and Iran, 1000-30 BCEpp. 104-139Name: Janejha Jones                                               Date: 8-5-17The following questions roughly outline Chapter 4 from your textbook.  Each question is directly linked to other questions.  You must be able to discuss the information presented in your chapter within the AP concepts that we discuss in class.  Be aware that while the questions are basically “in order,” there is overlapping information.  Some later sections may deal with previous questions.Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.According to Herodotus, how/why were Greek language, technology, and culture spread to areas along the Mediterranean and Black Sea? “The Greek historian Herodotus describes a famine on the island of Thera in the Aegean Sea in the seventh century b.c.e. It caused the desperate inhabitants to send out a portion of the young men to found a new settlement on the coast of North Africa (modern Libya) called Cyrene.” (page 107) Ancient Iran, 1000-500 BCEWhich empire was the largest ever seen c. 1000 BCE? The Persian EmpireThe Rise of the Persian EmpireWhat was the relationship between the Persians and the Median court through the rule of Cyrus? “Cyrus, the son of a Persian chieftain and a Median princess, united the various Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarch around 550 b.c.e(through marriage). His victory should perhaps be seen less as a conquest than as an alteration of the relations between groups, for Cyrus placed both Medes and Persians in positions of responsibility and retained the framework of Median rule.” (page 110)How did this relationship change with the rule of Darius I? “Medes played a lesser role, and the most important posts went to members of leading Persian families.” He treated the Persian families better.Describe the social structure of the Persian Empire. The society was divided into 3 social classes warrior, priest, and peasants. Warriors being fighters, priest were spiritual leaders, and peasants were farmers and shepherds.Imperial OrganizationWhat was the satrap? What was its importance to the empire? “The Satrap is the governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. He was responsible for protection of the province and for forwarding tribute to the central administration.”AdministrationHow were workers treated by Persian officials? “Workers were divided into groups of men, women, and children. Women received less than men of equivalent status, but pregnant women and women with babies received additional support. Men and women performing skilled jobs received more than their unskilled counterparts. Administrators were provided with authorizations to requisition food and other necessities while traveling on official business.”Where was the capital of Persia? PersepolisWhat is propaganda, and how did Darius use it to his advantage? Propaganda or public relations was used by Darius to craft a vision of an empire of vast extent and abundant resources in which all the subject peoples willingly cooperate.How did Darius use religion to reinforce/justify his rule? “Behind Darius and the empire stands the will of god. Ahuramazda made Darius king, giving him a mandate to bring order to a world in turmoil and ensure that all people be treated justly…Darius has brilliantly joined the moral theology of Zoroastrianism to political ideology.”What are the key elements/beliefs of Zoroastrianism? (1.3.3E) “It preached belief in one supreme deity, held humans to a high ethical standard, and promised salvation. According to your text, how did Zoroastrianism influence later religions such as Judaism and Christianity? (1.3.3E) “It traveled across western Asia with the advance of the Persian Empire, and it may have exerted a major influence on Judaism and thus, indirectly, on Christianity. God and the Devil, Heaven and Hell, reward and punishment, and the Messiah and the End of Time all appear to be legacies of this profound belief system.”The Rise of the Greeks, 1000-500 BCEGeography and ResourcesHow did the sea foster cultural developments in ancient Greece? “The lands lying within this zone have a similar climate, a similar sequence of seasons, and similar plants and animals. In summer, a weather front near the entrance of the Mediterranean impedes the passage of storms from the Atlantic, allowing hot, dry air from the Sahara to creep up over the region. In winter, the front dissolves and ocean storms roll in, bringing waves, wind, and cold. It was relatively easy for people to migrate to new homes within this ecological zone without altering familiar cultural practices and means of livelihood.”