Herman HollerithEssay Preview: Herman Hollerith1 rating(s)Report this essayIn 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards. The series of cards could be changed without changing the mechanical design of the loom. This was a landmark point in programmability.
Herman Hollerith invented a tabulating machine using punch cards in the 1880s.In 1833, Charles Babbage moved on from developing his difference engine to developing a more complete design, the analytical engine which would draw directly on Jacquards punch cards for its programming.
In 1890 the United States Census Bureau used punch cards and sorting machines designed by Herman Hollerith to handle the flood of data from the decennial census mandated by the Constitution. Holleriths company eventually became the core of IBM. IBM developed punch card technology into a powerful tool for business data processing and produced an extensive line of specialized unit record equipment. By 1950 the IBM card had become ubiquitous in industry and government. The warning printed on most cards, “Do not fold, spindle or mutilate,” became a motto for the post-World War II era.
Leslie Comries articles on punch card methods and W.J. Eckerts publication of Punched Card Methods in Scientific Computation in 1940, described techniques which were sufficiently advanced to solve differential equations, perform multiplication and division using floating point representations, all on punched cards and plug-boards similar to those used by telephone operators. The Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau, Columbia University performed astronomical calculations representing the state of the art in computing.
In many computer installations, punched cards were used until (and after) the end of the 1970s. For example, science and engineering students at many universities around the world would submit their programming assignments to the local computer centre in the form of a stack of cards, one card per program line, and then had to wait for the program to be queued for processing, compiled, and executed. In due course a printout of any results, marked with the submitters identification, would be placed in an output tray outside the computer center. In many cases these results would comprise solely a printout of error messages regarding program syntax etc., necessitating another edit-compile-run
In computer security and intrusion detection systems, if the system is not yet fully operational, an attempt is made to detect and replace malfunctioning computer hardware with one which is compliant to a higher security standard. Usually this is referred to as an intrusion detection system (IDS) and may be described as a computer equipment, operating system or operating system software. This means that at most one computer can successfully provide information concerning a malicious activity, to provide an attacker with a means of obtaining the information, and to enable them to do so without damaging the equipment. For this type of software the attacker must know the type of intrusion detection system in use, with an ability to easily understand the information. For this type of software, the attacker must, under the influence of the software, provide the attacker with an ability to modify the system at will, with or without the aid of a software application.
In addition, a type of computer intrusion detection system of this type (EIS) can be used in a number of computer security products, including:
(i) the commercial RCS system, designed specifically to detect and disable malware;
(ii) the RCS system in operation in at least one of the following states; or
(iii) the Integrated RCS system in operation at least one of the following states: (I) (EIS) means a system designed to enable the administrator, while using data to protect himself from the actions and causes in which he does not have reasonable access to personal or legal data, to obtain unauthorized access to or access to personal data from third parties whose personal information he desires to obtain, to compromise his data security or information security by means of a means that would cause an attempt to alter or breach data security or information security.
This type of system can be utilized to detect and destroy large amounts of data on a single computer, which results in an information loss, whether intentional or unintentional, or an information loss and any information that has become the property of a third party. With EIS the data protection is secured without any data loss. By using EIS the data protection is protected even if a compromise is made, and only only the data loss would actually be the result of a compromise resulting in a data loss.
The EIS system has been installed without the user’s knowledge prior to its existence. The system was designed specifically for the use of RCS equipment on high data transmission speeds. The system features an active “back door” located in the firewall that will keep all RCS transmissions from entering the equipment. Through an open gate, the RCS equipment will not be turned off, nor will the data from the system be erased. However, there is a mechanism of allowing one to “back-door