Sport/activity Based Analysis
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Sport/Activity
Based Skills Analysis
Part A: Introduction
Fosbury Flop
Richard Douglas Fosbury, who was born in Portland, Oregon, first started experimenting with a new high jump technique at age 16, while attending Medford High School. His hight of 1.93m trumped his ability to maximize his potential to continue using the previous straddle method or the one existing alternative, the upright scissors method. He therefore was unable to go beyond his personal best of 1.80m. Therefore knowing that in order to make further progress would have to try something else. In 1963, at age 16 Fosbury had begun to put the new back-first technique into practice, this involved sprinting diagonally towards the bear, then curves and leap backwards over the bar. After making the US team for the Olympic Games in Mexico City (1968), thanks to a jump of 2.21m. His previous unseen back-technique allowed him to clear the bar right up to 2.22 m. He then went on to clear 2.24m on his third attempt setting s are Olympic record. In fall of 1968, Fosbury’s innovation style was now embraced as the accepted standard, allowing high jumpers to break the 2.40m barrier. Fosbury name is now practiced by high jumpers around the world as the Fosbury Flop. Before the Fosbury Flop the jumper had to apply enough force to lift their centre of mass a few inches in order to clear the bar. With the Fosbury flop the jumper can apply the same amount of force allowing them to raise their body much higher than before meaning he can raise the bar so high that his centre of mass cant go any higher his arching body can. The Richards Fosbury Flop was a great leap forward and backwards
Biomechanic Analysis
Analysis – Stability
Needed during launch, so the body position and centre of mass are appropriate for achievement of maximum distance
Is needed during flight to keep centre of gravity in the correct position, above the legs
Jumpers will need to keep centre of gravity low
The lower the centre of gravity equals less energy needed to jump successfully over the bar
Is needed during the run-up phase to have the correct setup for the force producing phase
Lower centre of mass means a larger base of support
Closer to the centre of mass is the base of support allowing increased stability
Maximum Effort – Maximum Force
To produce enough force to push off allowing the jump, all possible joints must contribute
Joints involved are the knees, ankles, hips, elbow, and shoulders
All these joints must be used to obtain velocity and height
Knees, ankles, and hips directly push into the ground while elbows and shoulders help to propel the body further
Maximum force produced by the athlete at the beginning of take off helps with the carry through, this too will impact distance traveled and height of the jump
Maximum Effort – Maximum Velocity
To produce enough velocity during take off, joints must be used from largest to smallest
Order of joint use, hips, knees, ankles
Arms are use to propel the body with a greater speed
Larger joins (slower) begin movement when proceeding joint has reached its peak speed
Linear Motion – Impulse
Joints (knees, ankles, hips, shoulders) undergo a larger range of motion during the maximum force production
Created force produced while running at a 30-40 degree angle before take off
Greater force during take off allows an increased velocity during the jump
Jumper with sink on the last stride, increasing velocity during jump giving time during take off as their legs straighten, helps to push upwards
Linear Motion – Reaction
Movement occurs in the opposite direction of the applied force
At the end of the run-up, during the take off phase, the take off leg or leading leg pushed down off the ground
In the reaction: the ground pushed up on the body through take off leg with an equal force
Angular Motion – Torque
Torque is applied when athletes rotate their entire body during the Flop
Athletes