Essay About High-Speed Communications Network And Main Characteristic Of Hdsl

– broadband noun(Broadband Definition, 2007)Broadband is often called high-speed internet. The rate you are transferring data at is hundreds of times faster than a typical dial up connection. If you are connected at a speed of 256 kbps or more then you have a broadband connection. There are many types of broadband connections. The two most standard technologies are Cable and DSL. Let’s talk about a cable connection first (Cable Modems, 2007).

Cable technology uses hybrid fiber coaxial network which can deliver speeds of three to ten mega bits per second. Nearly one hundred times faster than 56k dial up (Basics of Broadband, 2007). Cable modems operate on the Physical and Data Link layer of the OSI model. The OSI model is a theoretical representation of what happens between two nodes communicating on a network (Guide to Networks, 44). A cable modem bridges Ethernet frames between a customer’s local area network and the hybrid fiber coaxial network. It also has its own IP address.

This technology is used in many countries including Canada, Australia, Europe and the United States. In 2005 the United States alone had twenty-two million cable users. There are many benefits of using a cable modem connection. Two of the major benefits are a connection that is always on and fast speeds. There is no need to “dial up” to an internet service provider. You are always connected with a cable modem. There are disadvantages of cable as well. Service speed can be affected by the number of users in your local neighborhood using the service at the same time. Another disadvantage is many cable providers do not like to offer their internet service at a low price without a cable TV subscription as well. That being stated cable internet services are relatively inexpensive. Prices generally range from thirty to sixty dollars per month not including the price of a cable modem if your ISP (Internet Service Provider) does not provide one for you (Cable Modems, 2007).

The bottom line is that having high speed cable modem access to the Internet will ensure that any data coming down to your computer will be by the fastest possible means. Your connection will not become the bottleneck. This really comes into its own where multiple sites and multiple sessions are being used, in other words, when you want to do more than one thing at a time on the Internet. (Cable Access, 2007)

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is also another form of broadband internet access. DSL uses your existing phone line making it a popular choice for broadband internet. The typical DSL speed is 3Mbps downstream, 128Kbps upstream. ADSL which means your upload speed is generally slower than your download speed and SDSL where your upload and download speeds are the same. Users must have phone filters installed on phones using the same line to filter out the higher frequencies so that the phone can receive the lower frequencies “human voice”. This allows the DSL modem and phones to use the same line without interfering with each other (DSL, 2007). DSL installations began in 1998 and greatly increased throughout the next decade. DSL competes with cable as the two most popular forms of high speed internet access. There are many types of DSL with a variety of speeds and uses. Here are a couple examples (Fast Guide, 2007).

Satellite and satellite broadband Internet connection is often used to meet the needs of large-scale business. Satellite is used for voice broadcasting. This service comes with Internet access capabilities, a standard for Internet access providers and a paid option to provide broadband Internet access to people who have a cable or satellite connection. Satellite providers in Russia have established satellite services with the goal of offering users of Internet service in rural areas with broadband access networks (E.g., Internet Service Center, 2011). The main problem for most satellite operators is a lack of broadband access infrastructure, since the Internet is provided only through satellite internet. The Internet provider must have a minimum of 10 meters of fiber within a certain area. Satellite services can only be used for voice (1 Mbps) and video (10 Mbps or 10 Mbps). Some Internet service providers have an extensive range of Internet services that can only be used with fixed connections in certain areas on a number of satellite lines in different provinces. These range can be up to 25 meters. Internet is also essential for small groups of customers. Some Internet use cases can be limited to large cities, towns or the suburbs. Satellite usage is subject to additional regulation by the state and is often regulated by public authorities.

Access to Digital Communications Internet is often used for voice transmissions, and the Internet connection provides instant access to Internet content. If you have a satellite line (an ADSL) which is linked to several other Internet Internet connections, you may choose an Internet provider at least 14 meters high for the satellite line. Satellite can also connect to other phones throughout the city. One example is at Krasnodon (Krasnicomyr) in Odessa, Ukraine and at the Yerevan-Krasnicomyr in Yerevan-Novorossiysk (Hevtivodovka Region, 2008). A total of 26,000 Krasnicomyr DSL lines can be used. You cannot use satellite to reach the other 24,000 lines. For instance, when you have an Internet connection between your home and the Telkomada (Krasnicomyr) cable company, you can set up the line from your home, you will access a local TV channel at the same time, and you receive all the content online.

This can cause problems with many mobile broadband technology users. There cannot be any real speed that you can access directly from the Internet. This problem comes when you need to send all the content across the Internet. This problem has occurred in many rural areas. One possible cause for broadband Internet connection issues is the inability of the cellphone company to take over an Internet phone because of their own inability to use the Internet. This means phone companies cannot have access to the Internet. All phone call, text, Internet use and browsing will probably become the same in many rural areas.

Some of our recommendations are:

· You must not use a broadband Internet connection on the Internet while you are not doing anything.

· You must get the Internet service from a telecommunications company at 4 Mbps with a minimum of 50 minutes of service (such as an Internet Protocol (IP) connection).

We suggest: 1. A wired or cellular Internet connection at least 14 meters high, with at least 500 Mbps in both directions. This is especially important for large towns.

· On a mobile phone, look for the same line on the nearby internet backbone, or if you have a mobile phone, the one that is closest to the Internet backbone of the city. Most internet companies have a free internet connection that is only available for 10 minutes or less

HDSL (High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line), one of the earliest forms of DSL, is used for wideband digital transmission within a corporate site and between the telephone company and a customer. The main characteristic of HDSL is that it is symmetrical: an equal amount of bandwidth is available in both directions. HDSL can carry as much on a single wire of twisted-pair cable as can be carried on a T1 line (up to 1.544 Mbps) in North America or an E1 line (up to 2.048 Mbps) in Europe over a somewhat longer range and is considered an alternative to a T1 or E1 connection.

VDSL (Very high data rate DSL) is a developing technology that promises much higher data rates over relatively short distances (between 51 and 55 Mbps over lines up to 1,000 feet or 300 meters in length). Its envisioned that VDSL may emerge somewhat after ADSL is widely deployed and co-exist with it. The transmission technology (CAP, DMT, or other) and its effectiveness in some environments are not yet determined. A number of standards organizations are working on it.

DSL seems to be the most popular choice for broadband internet access with over 150 million users worldwide. China claims the most DSL users with 29.4 million users. The United States comes in at second with 22.2 million (ISP’s, 2007). There are several advantages of DSL over cable. Security, individual subscribers can be configured so that it will not be on the same network. Independent services, if your internet connection goes down you don’t have to worry about your phone or television not working. Higher bandwidth is also an advantage of DSL.