Recidivism Case
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Introduction
One of the most interesting issues in which the criminal justice system faces is seeing released detainees being returned to the criminal justice system for a criminal behavior. This issue can be described as recidivism. Recidivism can be interpreted in many forms. According to Cole, Smith, and DeJong (2010, p. 738), recidivism means a return to criminal behavior. From a sexual behavioral standpoint, recidivism can be defined as any new sexual behavior that has lead to a charge or conviction of sexual offence (Craign, 2008, p-187). Some particular concerns are types of recidivism cases that that involve serious delinquency and violent criminal behaviors situation that could lead to rearrested and reconviction to the same crime as oppose to those rearrested and reconvicted to new crimes along with a reduction method program to educate, screen, assess, employment opportunities, family involvement, and etc to eliminate cases of recidivism from reoccurring again.
During the year1994, there were approximately 272,111 persons released from prisons in 15 states. Of this total, approximately 67% were rearrested for a felony or misdemeanors within 3 year period. In addition, there were about 47% reconvicted and about 25% were resentenced to prison for a new crime. The released prisoners showed a higher rearrest rate in robbery, burglaries, larcenists, motor vehicle thieves, possession, and/or selling stolen property. Approximately 2.5 % of the released rapists were rearrested for another rape within a three year period (Bureau of Justice, n.d.). According to some researchers, these types of crimes involves violent and serious recidivism in which individuals have recidivists if they had at least one new violent crime, or substance -related arrest (Collins, Vermeiren, Vahl, Markus, et al. (2011, p.46).
Therefore it was the purpose of this paper to examine some of the significance of recidivism as to what it is, how to prevent recidivism rates, along with giving the researchers viewpoints on recidivism. Some key terms involved in this paper are recidivism, recidivists, offense, reoffends former prisoners, prisoners, and juveniles. The framework for the rest of this paper involves four other headings. The second heading will provide information on some effects associated with recidivism. The third heading will provide some ways to reduce recidivism. The third heading will conclude by providing a general overview of what is recidivism and ways to reduce recidivism. The four heading will be the: researchers viewpoints on recidivism.
Some Effects Associated with Recidivisms
Effects of Male Detained Adolescents with Substance-Related Offence and Other Disorders
A study found that detained male adolescents with other disorders were more likely to become substance related recidivists. Substance-related offences in adolescents were associated with Substances-Use-Disorder and other disorders have shown to lead to mental health perspective. This study goes on to say that young adults with other drug disorder use may get involved with expensive substances such as cocaine, amphetamines, heroine to sell which can also lead to other crimes (i.e. burglary, violence, etc) in order to maintain their habitual or non habitual substance use (Collins, Vermeiren, Vahl, Markus, et al. 2011, p. 47). With this being said, this concern has the tendency to bring about a number of changes or consequences from a judicial and mental health perspectives. Such concerns include (Collins, Vermeiren, Vahl, Markus, et al. 2011, p. 47-48): 1) emotional and financial burden on the society.
Effect of Age on Child Molesters and Rapists on Sexual Recidivism Risk
In reference to age effect on-child molesters and rapists on sexual recidivism risk, meta analysis studies have shown that sex offenders that were less than 25 years of age were at a greater risk of reconviction than older sex offenders. These kinds of study analysis have confirmed that extra-familial child molesters have lead to sexual reconviction rates around 12.5 % for those younger than 25. The rate increased slightly with age between 25-34 at 16.3% and for those between the ages of 35and 54 the rate began falling, even after age 54 (Craign, 2008, p.193). In regard to sexual recidivism rate of rapists, it was found that this crime rate compared to child molesters was different. The child molesters rate was less than the overall sexual re-offence rate than the rapist situation (Craign, 2008, p.193-194).
Effects of Risk Factors on Recidivism Patterns on Juvenile Homicide Offenders
According to Vries and Liem (2011), male sex offenders on recidivism prevalence results were more geared toward a lack of self control, and criminal history. In regard to lack of self control, the study findings indicated that a lack of self control is a determinant factor for later juvenile homicide offenders criminal behavior. In reference to criminal history, researchers looked at a number of previous offenses, age at the time of the first offense, and age at the time of homicide offense in order to determine the risk factors of recidivism (Vries and Liem, 2011). Some other factors that were involved and assessed in the relationship to the study were delinquents, substance abuse, and possession of weapon. Of these three factors, delinquents and substances abuse were the most prevalence predictors of recidivism (Vries and Liem, 2011).
Some Other Factors Associated with Criminal Recidivism of Juvenile Offenders
There are a number of factors that are associated with criminal recidivism of juvenile offenders. Such factors include (Chui and Chan, 2012, p-858): 1) onset age of delinquent behavior and age of first arrest/adjudication. 2) Juveniles between the ages of seven and 12 years old indicated two to threefold increased risk of violent and chronic