Essay About Holy Roman Empireclovis And Holy Roman Empire

Early Dark Ages and Barbarian Invasion
WORLD HISTORY AND CIVILIZATIONMEDIEVAL HISTORY AND CIVILIZATIONEARLY DARK AGES AND BARBARIAN INVASIONEarly Dark AgesBarbarian InvasionRise of the Roman Catholic ChurchBarbarian Tribes- Teutonic Group, Leader and Places ConqueredHuns (Attila the Hun)- Italy and RomeVisigoths (Alaric)- West Goths; SpainVandals- Carthage, Africa; Emperor Justinian of Byzantine conquered themOstrogoths- East Goths; Italy; overthrown by Emperor Justinian   Lombards- South Italy; Lombardy was a placed founded therein   Franks (Clovis)- Gaul (France Today)Anglo-Saxons – England/Great BritainMagyars- Eastern Europe; St. Stephen of Hungary was canonized.   Vikings- “men of the bays; Northmen or Norsemen; Scandinavia and RussiaRussia- Viking seafarerEric the Red- founded GreenlandLeif Ericson- founded Vinland in North AmericaEffects of the Barbarian InvasionFounding of new cities in EuropeAnglo-Saxons in UKNormans in  FranceBlending of Germanic Blood with the Christian Religion and Graeco-Roman CultureAddition of the customary law as one of the sources of lawIdea of social contract between ruler and subjectIdea of an elected king rather than a hereditary one or by military successionTrial by OrdealLegends, Stories and LiteratureBeowulf- national epic of EnglandDays of the Week (Norse Mythology)Tuesday – Tiuw (Father God)Wednesday- Wodin (War God)Thursday- Thor (Thunder God)Friday- Friga (Fertility Goddess)THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIREClovis-  leader of the Franks who was converted into a ChristianCharles the Martel- “mayor of the palace”; won over the Battle of the Tours in 732 ADPepin the Short- one of the “Do-nothing Kings”Charlemagne- founder of the Carolingian Empire; “Father of Europe”; “Emperor of Romans”Pope Leo III- he crowned Charlemagne as “Emperor” on December 25, 800 AD.Roland- greatest knight of Charlemagne; the hero of the epic “Song of Roland”Otto I- founder of the “Holy Roman Empire”Treaty of Verdun- division of Charlemagne’s empire for his grandsons (843 AD)Louis the German- GermanyCharles the Bald- FranceLothar- ItalyVoltaire (Francois Marie Arouet)- “Holy Roman Empire is neither Holy nor Roman nor Empire”FEUDALISM AND CHIVALRY/KNIGHTHOOD IN MEDIEVAL EUROPEFeudalism- social, economic and political system based on landFief or feudum- the feudal landFeudal RelationshipLord – the land-giverVassal- the land recipient and protectorHomage- a feudal ceremonyManor- lord’s castle and the land around it.Serfs- peasants who tilled the feudal land.II. Chivalry and Knighthood- a noble code of ethics which knights should follow.Chevalier- “horsemen”Stages of KnighthoodPage- 7 years oldSquire – 14 years oldKnight- 21 years oldAccolade- knighthood investiture ceremony.St. Michael the Archangel- patron saint of the knightsKnighthood in Media and LiteratureIvanhoe- written by Sir Walter ScottA Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court- written by Mark TwainRole of the Church in FeudalismMonks/Priests as Father Confessors to monarchs, lords, knights, squires and peasantsTruce of God- prohibited fighting during Christmas, Lent, Sundays and Holidays.Peace of God- forbade attacks on clergy, merchants, peasants and holy places.Church -as refugee and sanctuary from tyranny, injustice and war.Decline of FeudalismRise of the National StatesFranceEnglandSpainCrusadesGrowth of Towns and CitiesFirearms in WarfareEffects of FeudalismBad EffectsCreation of feudal aristocracyDelay of formation of the national statesGood EffectsProtection to the different people of ChristendomChivalric LiteratureSpirit of Self-Reliance and Personal IndependenceNoble Sentiments of man such as honor, gallantry to women, protection of the weak, respect for the aged, & devotion to GodCRUSADESDefinitions of CrusadesDerived from the Latin word “crux” meaning “cross”Military and religious expeditions by the Christian kings and knights to Europe to rescue the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Muslim Turks.Causes of CrusadesCapture of Jerusalem by the Seljuk TurksClosure of the Holy Land to Christian PilgrimsCrusade HighlightsCRUSADESLEADERSEFFECTSFirst CrusadePope Urban II- “Dei Vultan”Peter the HermitAlexius Comnenus of the Byzantine EmpireMost Successful CrusadeEstablishment of the Crusaders’ StatesEdessaAntiochTripoliJerusalemCRUSADESLEADERSEFFECTSSecond CrusadeBernard Clairvaux- monkKing Louis VII- FranceEmperor Conrad III- GermanyUnsuccessfulThird Crusade (Kings’ Crusade)King Richard the Lionhearted- EnglandKing Philip Augustus- FranceEmperor Frederick Barbarossa- GermanyUnsuccessfulRichard the Lionhearted became a friend of Saladin of Syria.Children’s CrusadeStephen of FranceNicholas of GermanyUnsuccesful