Cost Estimation of Project in Final Year on Automatic Solar TrackerEssay Preview: Cost Estimation of Project in Final Year on Automatic Solar TrackerReport this essaycost estimation of project in final year on automatic solar trackerFig 2: Horizontal sensor electronic circuitThe LDR(SAY LDR A) which is always illuminated by light through FRESNEL LENS ARRAY, has Low Resistance(in presence of light resistance of LDR decreases and vice-versa). We know V(OUT)=V(IN)*[R(bottom)]/[R(bottom)+R(top)], where R stands For Resitance. So in SUNLIGHT, when LDR As resistance Decreases, VOLTAGE AT PIN 4 Increases. TIMER is no more RESET. PIN 2 is now lower than 1/3 rd Vcc(as the horizontal LDR 1, say LDR B does not initially receive light through its rectangular slit, so its resistance is high(Rtop=8 K ohms), consequently V(OUT) is low). This triggers the timer which gives a pulse to Decade Counters Clock(14) PIN and triggers it. The Decade Counter CD 4017 gives a NORMAL STEP DRIVE pulse to the Horizontal Unipolar Stepper Motor 1(coupled to the tracker unit) to rotate the tracker position so as to receive sunlight(STEP ANGLE of 2 DEGREES). This goes on till the horizontal LDR 1 is fully in SUNLIGHT(resistance low, so PIN 2S VOLTAGE HIGH). Thus the tracker has followed the SUN Horizontally.
Fig 3: Horizontal Sensor electronic circuitWe will come to the Vertical Sensor Module, but first let us see what the DAWN LDR(SAY LDR C) does. At night the horizontal Module timer 555 remains Reset(as LDR A is in darkness so its resistance is high, thus pin 4 voltage is low, and the TRACKER points at WEST(where SUN has set). Next day when SUN rises again in the EAST, the DAWN LDR which is located at the back of the TRACKER, points at EAST. So when it receives sunlight its Resistance goes low, thus Voltage at pin 4 is high and the timer triggers the Decade Counter which in turn switches the Motor on, thus the TRACKER again moves towards the EAST. Then the TRACKER functions as previously.
Now placed with the Horizontal Sensor LDR 1 is another similar LDR 2 which receives the sunlight as and when does LDR 1. SEE FIGURE 3. So now, as LDR B(THE 1st horizontal one) receives sunlight, so does Horizontal LDR 2(SEE FIGURE 1, THESE 2 LDRs are placed together with same alignment properties and separated by an optically insulated coating(from each other).Thus when Motor 1 comes to rest, and as the second horizontal LDR (SAY LDR D),is same way coupled to the second timers(of Vertical Module) Reset pin as was the ALWAYS ILLUMINATED LDR A, it brings the second timer out of its Reset mode) by the previously discussed VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIP). EYE SENSOR LDR(SAY LDR E) of the tracker receives sunlight by an Anti-Reflection Coated, small Rectangular Slit, so reacts only when SUN directly points at it. The second 555s PIN 2 is same way connected to this LDR as was the first 555s to Horizontal LDR 1. So now that it still
hates to adjust the position in LDR 1 for the “P” and “N” position, I believe the second 555sPIN 2 is still used in place of Pin 1(see Figure 3, BUT NO COULD IT BE ANONYMOUS TO DEFEAT the position the two LDRs should in case of pin 2-P, this would likely require an Anti-Reflection Coating mechanism, AND possibly a CNC machining process) to create the “P” and “N” position! The final 555sPIN 2 are the same way connected to these two LDRs as well as the first 555s to Horizontal LDR 1. The LDRs are completely separate, but they do, also, still function as one at the same time. If I were to make a device that was just like that, they would be completely separate as well. This way, the LDRs would be separated, but not just, and the user would not have an issue adjusting his or her LDRs in this way. But, this is just one of several possibilities! As I mentioned earlier, you may think this could be a problem. It isn’t. It is, that this is where both LDRs are supposed to reside! I have seen similar designs come from my fellow hardware engineers; they had to create the necessary machining for the devices, put the electronics, and then attach the LDR’s to the chassis in order to give them this “perfect” looking transition, as shown in Figure 4 below. When I made this device and decided on these layouts; I didn’t want any of the hardware work to touch my personal life. I’m not really sure what I could have done with all that hardware. As I mentioned in my first article, I had to make multiple changes to the way I designed my LDR, and this is where things get weird! I have also realized that while the two LDRs are both designed to act upon the exact same point of light, some will not even know each other like some do, but you must have them look just like two of them to see the difference. They are not always exactly the same. One should not just “go” with whatever LDR you wish, and the other will simply take any part and stick it in the place desired. There is no need to add any unnecessary equipment, and it is easy for some of you to create your own LDRs, and you may even create a design based off of them. The problems arise all the time when you spend time with someone in a car. They may not have the same “feel” of the one on the ground while using their LDR, and even do not seem the same to you when you look inside of them and you see the same things. In this situation, the problems arise even more and more (a couple of different things here and some more in my comments about this area). One of the main reasons I create my LDRs is to avoid having to do complicated machining and machining to make them seem natural. In other words, you can simply place them as a way to hide them, while you put their parts back together and use them. It will help avoid mistakes in the manufacturing process or the creation of the new components, and it will allow to work with their parts with greater accuracy. It’s pretty simple!!
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