Intelligence and Intelligence Quotient Test
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Intelligence and Intelligence Quotient Test
Outline
Introduction
What is Standardized test?
What is intelligence?
Historical development of IQ test
Types of IQ Tests
Testing validity of IQ test and understanding it.
Training up your IQ.
Conclusion
Introduction
Human is the most important creature in the world. As human considered to have special abilities beside other creatures as plant and animal. Even some animal abilities can exit human’s ability of think is the real power of human.
As human child we come to the world not knowing about it. By the time and help of environment human child learn a lot of things like speaking, memorizing, thinking, emotions like: anger happiness and sadness. Of course all human children live some similar or common phase through their life. As a first week babies already can recognize mothers voice. By the second week they can focus on objects 8 to 14 inches away. (Your Babys Development Week-By-Week
By Laura Asmundsson from Parents Magazine)
Development of children is very important. if you took any psychology class during your education or you are parent you will know that children will pay attention to your every move. So we must be very careful while educating and raising children. This means we have to understand our development. In which phase children need special attentions on which ways.
As we can say all humans are same on so many ways. We already aware of the fact we have a lot of differences. We can say that human can be distinguished by intelligence. Intelligence is one of factors in order to identify this factor we invented some tests. Test which will help us to understanding the differences. But tests are not same on their nature that’s why we prefer word “Standardized tests”
What is Standardized test?
Nowadays all people are involved with standardized test. We have standardized tests on kinder gardens to test your reading or drawing skills. We have a lot of tests on school to measure your knowledge on specific subject. Or one of the most important test like SAT and GRE which are very essential for your education and working career.
As general we can say that Standardized tests are “Tests that have uniform procedures for administration and scoring and often allow a student’s performance to be compared with the performance of other students at the same age or grade level on a national basis.” (Santrock Educational Psychology, page 515)
Now we can ask question “why do we take standardized tests?”
Standardized tests can serve several of purposes:
Provide information about students’ progress.
Diagnose students’ strengths and weaknesses.
Provide evidence for placement of students in specific programs
Provide information for planning and improving instruction.
(Santrock Educational Psychology, page 515,516)
There are some benefits of Standardized Tests as research shows the correlation between career success and standardized tests.
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As you can see from chart Standardized tests are positively correlated to our career. And chat uses 0.4 correlation. As it is a correlation between sex and height. Example: correlation between GRE-S and qualifying exam is 0.5.
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.
“an eminent man of great intelligence”
synonyms:
intellectual/mental capacity, intellect, mind, brain, brains, brainpower, powers of reasoning, judgement, reason, reasoning, understanding, comprehension, acumen, wit, sense, insight, perceptiveness, perception, perspicaciousness, perspicacity, penetration, discernment, sharpness, quickness of mind, quick-wittedness, smartness, canniness, astuteness, intuition, acuity, alertness, cleverness, brilliance, aptness, ability, giftedness, talent;
(Google translate definition)
By simply reducing the words we can come with definition that intelligence is:
ability to solve problems
understand and learn complex material
adapt to the environment
mental quickness
To understand the intelligence several studies were conducted and for them we can agree on that studies on Intelligence is more correlational and rarely experimental. In order to experiment we need independent (what you vary) variable and dependent (what you measure – outcome) variables. This means there are subject a lots of interoperation and depend on lots of factors effecting or on other word correlating to intelligence. (Intelligence, Introduction to Psychology Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT Open Courseware lecturer John Gabriel 2011)
When we talk about Intelligence everybody would think about one standardized test which is Intelligence Quotient (IQ). The term “intelligence quotient,” or IQ, was first proposed in the early twentieth century by a German psychologist named William Stern. Before we discuss the IQ test it will be more accurate if we see history of IQ.
Historical Development and Types of IQ tests
Between 1904 and 1911 Alfred Binet – a physician was charged to develop a test by the Minister of Public Instruction in Paris with purpose to develop a method of detecting “defective” (special) children who could then be given special instructions. Although he designed