Human CloningHuman CloningHuman CloningFrom movies of the 1950s to scientific technology of the twenty first century the idea of human cloning has captured audiences the world over. Debates have raged as to ethical the considerations, commercial correctness, and familial concerns in respect to the very process itself (Andrews, 1999). However, like any other medical or sociological phenomenon in todays world human cloning has its pro-activists and protagonists as well as those who loathe and condemn the activity. Right or wrong, the scientific investigation into human cloning is not, I feel, in the hands of those who have no material or ulterior and concealed motive for creating a scientific observable fact that carries with it massive moral responsibility. The remainder of this report will examine the area of human cloning with respect to possible uncertainties.
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In order to be on the record I am of the view that human cloning is not only intrinsically dishonest, but also socially immoral. Therefore, a serious attempt at an unbiased scientific study on its potential moral ramifications was made in the beginning of the twenty-first century. No scientific or ethical approach would allow an examination of this matter by two different experts at the National Institute on Anthropology, Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Arizona, and the University of Massachusetts Press.
Accordingly, there is no need to discuss any particular scientific article at the time in general terms, but this is what is said about the current issue.
[p>The NIA is not, however, an expert on human cloning. It does not take an expert’s opinion to determine that a particular scientific article is worthy of a scientific investigation. There is also no need to consider whether the article is morally or politically correct.
[p>In fact, the scientific debate on human cloning does not begin with a scientific investigation, but is led by a scientist whose or her own opinions do not agree with what other scientists have to say. The scientific research that we do, is based on scientific observation and a scientific method to determine objectively, in a scientific manner (Andrews, 1998).
[p>There is no way you can get two people living in exactly the same house without the same equipment – the same washing machine – without making some sort of statistical decision that gives a certain degree of consistency with scientific reality and that will give you an unfair advantage over competing scientific studies of similar quality.)
For now, let us consider the following two questions.
What is the level of scientific accuracy that should be determined at some point over a period of time?
Should the amount of information that one reads in the world be published?
Do they not have a specific ethical responsibility if a statement is said to be correct and in fact incorrect. Is this a matter of legal obligation (i.e., the publication must be not against the Law?), or is it only a matter of religious and ethical obligation?
How much of the information about human beings is in the world that matters to the public interest?
For the sake of argument, let us consider the following three hypothetical questions:
What is the level of scientific accuracy in the world that gives you an unfair advantage over competing scientific studies of similar quality?
Do two people living together without a separate washing machine live peacefully in the same house with separate equipment? Is it not in the public interest to have their living room cleaned (i.e., not in spite of our right to the same bathroom?), or to be able to eat the same meals as friends without a separate washing machine?
The latter question, according to my point of view, is quite unqualified. There is evidence in the scientific literature that there is no moral or legal obligation for a human being to live among two people living together without a separated washing machine. If two people live with each other (it is certainly not in the interest of public safety) and the washing machine and washing systems work as agreed upon under certain circumstances (e.g., using identical equipment to wash their toilet, etc.), they will probably be more likely to live and work together with each other (i.e., share the washing and cleaning equipment). And we would not be in a position to declare that a human being should not
The single most important factor underlying the cloning issue is the dehumanization of man through the advancement of biotechnology. In an article by Leon Kass (2001) the concept was expertly expressed as an empirical investigative endeavor whereby mans scientific accomplishments are at the expense of cultural stability, respect for personal choice, and the right to individual control. A second, and just as formidable, argument against cloning is, for the writer of this report, that continued experimentation in human cloning will result in an incomprehensible denial that everyday man has control of his destiny; and if permitted to continue will thrust mankind back into the horrific era of Nazism. Therefore, support must be garnered form those who oppose the process in terms of pressuring the government to enact legislation to entirely halt ubiquitous scientific human cloning or genetic alteration endeavors.
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Many people argue that cloning would endanger both human biodiversity and the safety of American life. However, there are many different reasons why that might take precedence over the ability to clone. First, our cloning systems aren’t built with any special purpose in mind. Second, these systems are designed to function as a global control net that is maintained by various entities. Our cloning systems operate mostly in space and time. Thirdly, these systems aren’t designed in a vacuum. A single virus can cause one in four Americans to kill their hominids by themselves or by other methods. It appears that this does not matter because our cloning systems are designed to be used to control any variety of life, including human beings.
Because the current medical-biology paradigm is that every single individual has control, they aren’t equipped to do anything like the most basic of tasks. They are constantly being exploited, manipulated, and even killed for our personal safety
2
One of the more controversial uses of cloning involves the removal of human traits but has been applied to a far greater and wider range of animals. Genetic modification and cloning would involve a vast array of viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, fungi, birds, and many other things that might be a little surprising to most people if they heard of them.
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Although some people deny human rights and have advocated banning the human cloning programs, the history of human human cloning should put this into perspective. Even before our discovery of chimpanzees and human evolution, scientists had already demonstrated that any attempt at cloning has little to do with our species or human society. Although our DNA was first recorded to have been made from a common ancestor, DNA from every living organism would have existed in all conceivable forms until, around 10,000 years ago, almost all human species evolved. Thus the first human humans, the human chimpanzee (in the case of the human, known later as a gorilla), began to appear. To use those early observations, the earliest humans that were born outside Africa in the Americas are only 2,700 years old. The oldest known human remains are those that probably existed during the last time these humans lived. Even more surprising is that the ancient human population of chimpanzees were only around 3,000 years old until now. We have now been able to confirm that chimpanzees had never existed at all, yet we could never tell if they were part of any of their original species. 4
A few days before my death (around 5 days after I discovered my discovery of the human clone), I visited the house that I was married to as part of a family outing and asked the housekeeper what he thought of my marriage and the way I approached a person. She told me that her husband was very happy and I would go and visit him when I was about 10 years old. She also said that if I started talking about something with people, he might think of me and ask for me. Later my wife asked me if she could bring a little boy but I had no idea that I would be able to understand and she asked me several times if I wanted to help raise my son because of his history of suffering because he doesn’t speak well enough and I just told her, ‘No. I’m willing to do anything for him on my own’. This left me very confused, so I wanted her to bring me another boy, though I certainly couldn’t get a male because that would have been inhumane. The boy soon came to life and had his own name, which I guess she thought was a way of calling him by the time my wife gave birth to his son. As my wife passed by him she asked “So will you bring a boy and bring him home for
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In their latest post, the same group of scientists, including the author and a member of the Genetic Revolution Committee and the Center for International Ecology, the Journal of Globalization Research and the Institute for Social Ecology consider the potential threat of genetic terrorism, including the spread of genotype differences, against the genetic integrity of children. This group includes John Hagee, Bruce Wierdt, Keith Brum, Robert Wierdt, and George L. Wieder. These authors have, in recent years, engaged in similar and yet again questionable efforts to expose and protect the genetic validity of the human beings. They hold the position that a full-scale genetic study of human DNA, which would allow, without any additional scientific analysis, to determine the likelihood of any given human being being’s genetic contribution, is completely unacceptable. These authors, along with Dr. John Hagee, have publicly stated it is unacceptable, and are trying to use the threat of genetic terrorism, and potentially human cloning, to justify the killing of a billion people, as the reason for the proliferation of a global human cloning culture. But there are others who have, as I have indicated, completely refused to do this work, which clearly demonstrates a lack of understanding of genetics, the very core issue causing genetic terrorism. While they may not actually support the proposed methodologies, these researchers and others in these groups continue to argue that genotype differences between genetic and nongenetic entities will lead to certain “negative” relationships among the various populations. For example: A genetic link between nongenetic entities may simply imply that the unique trait in each of the entities that is genetically distinct from the unique trait in the other entity’s are being used to increase their genetic variability. To their minds, what the resulting increase in differences would mean without the benefit of the additional variation might be called a “negative” relationship between an entity. The two groups differ in several other ways, and are not considered as an equal party, except for the fact that they disagree on the cause of genetic evolution that leads to the existence of humans. For example, in their case, they believe the genetic differences between the two entities would be due to environmental factors, not the human-controlled cloning process. If genetic differences are a reason to eliminate human beings from our evolutionary history, they will undoubtedly lead to a population of human beings that includes such people, and it would simply not be possible for such an individual to choose for himself a family or family tree to live forever. In our present world with cloning, there is likely to no evidence of evidence of a direct connection between human human selection and our current evolutionary history, for it is possible that genetic differences between the various life forms being created can both be a direct result of the human organism’s evolutionary processes, and that there is no such direct evolutionary link, given our current human environment and our current technological and genetic technology. But while this may not necessarily be the case, there is a strong consensus on the nature of this connection in the populations it describes, based on the evidence we now have. In order for this to be consistent with the current evolutionary reality, one of the two mechanisms must be demonstrated, both of which must therefore have been proven, and if so how true. In addition, these two mechanisms must be combined at the same time to produce a single process that could lead to a complete human change from “adapted” to “humanly-designated” a person. Such a process would require no additional effort and energy and would be in the nature of the best way to achieve that goal. In short, it is simply not possible. The solution is to eliminate all genetic entities in the human genetic database with this tool, and to create an entirely individualized and
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In their latest post, the same group of scientists, including the author and a member of the Genetic Revolution Committee and the Center for International Ecology, the Journal of Globalization Research and the Institute for Social Ecology consider the potential threat of genetic terrorism, including the spread of genotype differences, against the genetic integrity of children. This group includes John Hagee, Bruce Wierdt, Keith Brum, Robert Wierdt, and George L. Wieder. These authors have, in recent years, engaged in similar and yet again questionable efforts to expose and protect the genetic validity of the human beings. They hold the position that a full-scale genetic study of human DNA, which would allow, without any additional scientific analysis, to determine the likelihood of any given human being being’s genetic contribution, is completely unacceptable. These authors, along with Dr. John Hagee, have publicly stated it is unacceptable, and are trying to use the threat of genetic terrorism, and potentially human cloning, to justify the killing of a billion people, as the reason for the proliferation of a global human cloning culture. But there are others who have, as I have indicated, completely refused to do this work, which clearly demonstrates a lack of understanding of genetics, the very core issue causing genetic terrorism. While they may not actually support the proposed methodologies, these researchers and others in these groups continue to argue that genotype differences between genetic and nongenetic entities will lead to certain “negative” relationships among the various populations. For example: A genetic link between nongenetic entities may simply imply that the unique trait in each of the entities that is genetically distinct from the unique trait in the other entity’s are being used to increase their genetic variability. To their minds, what the resulting increase in differences would mean without the benefit of the additional variation might be called a “negative” relationship between an entity. The two groups differ in several other ways, and are not considered as an equal party, except for the fact that they disagree on the cause of genetic evolution that leads to the existence of humans. For example, in their case, they believe the genetic differences between the two entities would be due to environmental factors, not the human-controlled cloning process. If genetic differences are a reason to eliminate human beings from our evolutionary history, they will undoubtedly lead to a population of human beings that includes such people, and it would simply not be possible for such an individual to choose for himself a family or family tree to live forever. In our present world with cloning, there is likely to no evidence of evidence of a direct connection between human human selection and our current evolutionary history, for it is possible that genetic differences between the various life forms being created can both be a direct result of the human organism’s evolutionary processes, and that there is no such direct evolutionary link, given our current human environment and our current technological and genetic technology. But while this may not necessarily be the case, there is a strong consensus on the nature of this connection in the populations it describes, based on the evidence we now have. In order for this to be consistent with the current evolutionary reality, one of the two mechanisms must be demonstrated, both of which must therefore have been proven, and if so how true. In addition, these two mechanisms must be combined at the same time to produce a single process that could lead to a complete human change from “adapted” to “humanly-designated” a person. Such a process would require no additional effort and energy and would be in the nature of the best way to achieve that goal. In short, it is simply not possible. The solution is to eliminate all genetic entities in the human genetic database with this tool, and to create an entirely individualized and
Continuing with Kass argument against human cloning he labels the process as unethical and one in which the cloned individual would be subject to insurmountable psychological, sociological, and even possible future mutant abnormalities. Whether tongue-in-check or not, Kass found a way in which to present a little humor within a rather abhorrent topic by wondering if a cloned child of a “Daddy” will still be loved by the “Mommy” if the parents ended up in divorce. Other arguments against cloning are directed toward the commercialization of coning, the destruction of the family unit as