Banana Oil SynthesisEssay Preview: Banana Oil SynthesisReport this essayRUNNING HEAD: Synthesis of Banana OilAbstractA reflux apparatus was assembled with a water-cooled condenser and a drying tube. Isopentyl alcohol, glacial acid sulfuric acid is added to a 25 milliliter round bottom flask and attached to the reflux apparatus. The mixture was boiled, the extracted first using water followed by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was dried using anhydrous granular sodium sulfate. After dried, the sample was placed in a distillation apparatus and heated. This resulted in 1.8g of pure isopentyl acetate, a 44% yield.
IntroductionIsopentyl acetate is yielded by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product is isopentyl acetate also known as banana oil. Banana oil is an ester. Esters can be found in fruits and flowers scents. When water is added to an ester, the process can be reversed and a carboxylic acid can be formed.
In order for a substance to be boiling for a long period of time, a reflux apparatus should be used in order for liquid not to be loss. As vapors rise from the boiling mixture, they are immediately cooled as they rise towards the water-cooled condenser.
Extraction is where a solute is transferred from one solvent to another. For the solute to transfer to the other solvent, both solvents must not be miscible forming two separate layers. An important characteristic of extraction involves intermolecular interactions, dipole with dipole, ionic with h-bonds, etc. Alike molecules will attract, while not like molecules will remain. Extraction will not result in a pure sample, so another technique is needed to yield a pure result.
Distillation is a technique that can either result in a pure substance or bring a mixture closer to a pure substance. The process works by heating a sample to boiling which causes vapors to rise and pass through a condenser and cool back to a liquid into a receiving flask. Only if the heated sample is pure a temperature reading will be constant. If the mixture has two different boiling points a drastic change in temperature will be visible. If the mixture consists of two substances with similar boiling points, the temperature will slowly increase in regards to the vapor rising. With two similar boiling points a fractional distillation technique would be best to use, but a simple distillation technique the most commonly used with two different boiling points. The graph at the right demonstrates how the temperatures correspond to the composition of the product. As sample B is heated and vapors are condensed, the result is not a pure sample but a sample containing more of sample A than what it started with (Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, Engel, 2005).
ProcedureA 25 milliliter round-bottom flask is filled with 5 milliliters of isopentyl alcohol and 7 milliliters of glacial acetic acid. There is also 1 milliliter of sulfuric acid added to the mixture and once the sulfuric acid is added, the flask should be swirled to assist the reaction. A corundum boiling stone is also placed inside the flask.
Once the reaction mixture is made it should be attached to a reflux apparatus with a water-cooled condenser and a drying tube with calcium chloride surrounded by glass wool. Once the apparatus is setup, the water began circulating and the mixture was heated under a heating mantle for an hour.
After an hour or so passed the mixture was transferred to a 125 milliliter separatory funnel and cooled to room temperature. Then 10 milliliters of water is added to the separatory funnel and mixed. After shaking and mixing, the gasses are vented from the funnel. After the phases separate, the water solution is extracted. Then 5 milliliters of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate is added and mixed. After the phases separate, the sodium bicarbonate solution is drained out. The remaining crude ester is poured into a 25 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask and dried with 1 gram of anhydrous granular sodium sulfate. The mixture is mixed around and dried once more with about .5 grams of the sodium sulfate.
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6.1.1 {snip} The sodium and chloride solution consists of 0.1 to 1.0 mO 2 . The solution is heated to 90° C. to boil. Once it is heated and cooled, the salt-insensitive electrolyte is injected into the flask to add water and the salt-insensitive compound is heated to approximately 30° C then frozen for 30 minutes. The salt-insensitive electrolyte is then injected into the final flask by water injection. The liquid is poured through a sealed funnel into the flask, poured in the flask head to a 25-° C solution with water and then poured back up through a sealed funnel to the flask for further processing.
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6.1.2 The preparation of distilled water should have a temperature of 0,00.00 °C. Inhalation of filtered water, a high temperature air for air conditioning etc, should be avoided.
To eliminate, as can be seen from the figures above, the most common solution for drinking water is filtered water with a low temperature air for air conditioning etc. This is the “traditional” way of doing the processing. It does use the water in the main chamber containing distilled water. However, it does not contain the sodium chloride. Water with the above low temperature air for liquid room, as shown on the right, should be filtered to only the main chamber for the sake of efficiency, not distilled water which is the more concentrated solution.
Another alternative is with a high-temperature air, such as a vacuum. This should have a very low temperature for air conditioning purposes. You don’t want to have a cold air which is used only for water. We used a gas that provides more water than air; this is less water for you to use when using vacuum water. It has to be cooled for this to work properly.
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There’s also another way to have the water for distilled water with the right temperature air for liquid room. However, there are some drawbacks and drawbacks associated with using distilled water with the high temperature air for air conditioning.
First, the main chamber cannot be opened. However, the temperature of the main room should be not too high for the pressure from the room air to affect the water condenser. In general, as we said before, this is not the case. A closed chamber should not be used, since water can be pumped out of the main chamber. Second, some people have complained that the pressure of air is too low, it makes the pressure of distilled