Ethnic Minorities in Northern NorwayEthnic Minorities in Northern NorwayEthnic minorities who identified with each other social life they achieved from their ancestry, moreover, according to Tjelmeland (2013) he discussed if they have common language, common history, similar culture, common identity. According to Larsen (2013) there are four different ethnic minority in northern Norway as listed are: (1) Indigenous People, they are people live before the area become state (2) National Minorities, they are not belong to indigenous people group. They have the political rights to expressed by law. Some of those Finnish speaking they only moved to Norway in 1850s until they became Norwegians. (3) Jews, one group of ethnic or indigenous people that are forbidden group to live in Norway in 1850. In addition, in 1860 Pakistani people live in Norway are considered belongs to national minorities group. And lastly (4) Immigrants are those individual move to another country who voluntarily settle to the chosen country that they are not native.
The SamiThe Sami have been recognized as the indigenous people living in Scandinavian, some in northern Finnland, over the land of Finnmark (Land of the Sami) formerly the Sami called lappir ¨Lapps¨ it refers to their landname as Lappia in 12th century, according to the Carl Phelpstead (2001). The Sami got their own parliament in 1989. The Sami has three languages, they are North Sami, Lule Sami, and around north by Tjelmeland (2013).
The indigenous Sami population is well known to the international academic community, based on the article of Teemu Ryymin (Acta Borealia, 1-2001). They live as traditional Sami lifestyle, as farmers, fishermen, traders, hunter-gatherers, herding reindeer, and normally they settled innland and along the coast lines. In addition by Alf Ragnar Nielssen (2000) they are hunters and became fishermen in Finnmark in the 1600´s. Historically the Samis have been around for a long time, Ohthere and Snorre describes Sami before 1000AD its likely that they may have been the first ethnic people to inhabit the area in northern Norway.
During the half of 20th century, theres some changes on Sami culture, beliefs, political views, economics relations on the neighboring societies. It has been implement the triple taxation of the Sami for reindeer products. Moveover, between Norwegian society and churches under King Håkon, he established churches in Tromsø in 1250, they have the intensions to encourage Sami people to their convert religion into Christianity by Larsen (2013). In the period between 1536 and 1660, northern Norway becomes two administrative areas with uncertain innland borders. The Sami´s peaceful trade. Exceptionally hunters, boat builders of boats tied together of pine. Valuable goods for vikings. They where kings men and paid taxes. Hypothesis that the Sami were an intermediatory link for
Tiger, A., “Duty, Empelliže and Sami Religion and Practices from The Late Twentieth Century” in P. G. Hausner, ed., Danish Sami Religious and Moral Culture, Høverstøm, Høgen (Köln: Birkunde).
Trouss, E., “Sami Religions and Ethnological and Political Issues.” J. Ethnol. Soc. Ethn., Vol. 32, No. 3 (Summer 2011): 497-515, doi:10.1007/s00202-011-8890-3. See also http://www.jethny.nl/english/articles/9/12-04-27.htm, http://www.jethny.nl/english/articles/1/8-06-11.htm, http://www.Jethny.nl/english/article/2/9-12-07, http://www.jethny.nl/english/article/3/10-26-11.htm and http://www.jethny.nl/english/article/1/9-18-11.htm.
Thompson, O., The Sami Religion. Minneapolis, MN: Stetson Press, 1999.
Thompson, T., The Sami World. Minneapolis, MN: Stetson Press, 2000.