U.S. Semiconductor Case
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U.S. Semiconductor Case
This case is concerning about the strategies of funding for a semiconductor companys distribution center and technical support facility in U.K. They decided to fund with debt with dollars or pounds, but the company is facing the exchange risk due to the different locations of the parentcompany and subsidiary. The company in U.K. has to import goods from America and then sell them in U.K. so the appreciation of dollar and depreciation of pound may cause adverse effect on the companys profit.
According to the analysts conclusion, there are two financing alternatives, take a five-year loan in U.S. dollars at 8% per annum or in pound sterling at 12% per annum with a rest of fund comes from equity. The difficulty of choice between these two choices is that the differences between interest rates and foreign exchange rates which lead to the cost and risk to the firm. With these different choices people are inclined to different opinions which I will explain and evaluate later. The spot rate of for STG was quoted at approximately USD 2.40, so the five-year forward rate is 2USD/GBP ( ). While the market forward rate is 1.97USD/GBP, it means that GBP was undervalued in the market.
The different opinions given by different parties can be concluded for the following three: taking a loan in pounds; borrowing in dollars; half pounds and half dollars loan. When the market undervalued the pound, the pound continues to go down, which means borrowing in more pounds and returning less pounds so the company does a good hedge. Under this circumstance, both the local management and the Director of Foreign Exchange were right.
The second suggestion is to borrow dollars, which I think its not that rational. As some staffers at headquarters said using dollar denominated debt was more prudent as semiconductor business was “dollar driven” business. And the interest rate of dollar is apparently cheaper than pounds. As for the “dollar driven”, they want to change the appreciation of the USD to a higher grade, so even if they sell less there would be more margin profit out of the USD. On the other hand, the appreciation of USD means the more loan to cut down the profit it makes. When the USD depreciates, the company still can make profit by selling their product for higher price abroad to balance their loss. But it doesnt work as the company has no such power to do so.
As for the cheaper interest rate, they must be just comparing the interest rate of USD and GBP which are 8% and 12%. But if they think about the exchange rate which is 2.40 USD/GBP, or the forward rate 1.97USD/GBP, it would cost more to borrow in USD.
The third opinion “borrowing half USD and half GBP” is also a reasonable kind of hedge, with which company can reduce the