Your Mom Fam
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hat indigenous influence remained central to Japanese cultural development? Shinto religion
What were the Taika reforms? What was the result of it? attempt to make Japanese monarch into a Chinese-style emperor; failed at a professional bureaucracy and peasant army; restored aristocratic power, local leaders
How were the Japanese scholars influenced by the Chinese? language, court etiquette, temples, art
What religion did the Japanese mesh with the kami (nature spirits)? Buddhism
What two social classes opposed Chinese/Confucian influence in Japan? How did the Japanese emperor try to offset them? Buddhists and aristocracy
Moved capital from Nara to Heian (Kyoto)
The court life during the Heian period focused on aesthetic delights and behavior. What was the literature like? Verse writing (poems)
The Tale of Genji: told of mannered Japanese society
What was the role of women in Japan? creative role: music, poems, scheming, power struggle
Who was the Fujiwara family? aristocratic family that assisted in the decline of imperial rule
How did the elite families live? carved out mini-states with bushi (warrior leaders)
self-sufficient
Why was it impossible for a Japanese free peasantry? What did the peasantry turn to? peasants became serfs
rigid class barriers (to the warrior elite)
pure land Buddhism
What were some of the signs that Chinese influence was declining? no heavenly mandate or centralized power
no scholar-gentry b/c of aristocracy
Buddhism transformed
Tang Dynasty decline
What were the Gempei Wars? war between provincial families (Taira and Minamoto) that marked the beginning of the Feudal Age/bakufu (military government); Kamakura capital
Who were the shoguns? military leaders of the bakufu
As the Kamakura regime weakened, where did the actual power lay? Hojo family > Minamoto family > puppet emperor
What happened as a result of defeating the “real” emperor at Yoshino? power of warlords grew,
decline of court aristocracy, peasantry, competitors
How did the Ashikaga shogunate self-destruct? What happened as a result? rival heirs fought at Kyoto
300 mini-kingdoms, daimyo (post-bushi)
Society under the daimyo (300 mini-states) was chaotic, but in what ways did the economy develop? tax collection, irrigation, migration incentives, new tools/animals/crops, guilds
What was the role of women during the warrior states period? After? primogeniture, disinheritance
merchant and artisan women had independence
What happened to the arts? Zen Buddhism
Shintoism
simplistic views, gracefulness, elaborate rituals, tea
What groups of people did the Koreans descend from that differentiate them from China? Machurian and Siberian
How did Chinese influence begin in Korea? conquest of Choson (earliest kingdom) by Han
What group of tribal people resisted Chinese rule and created an independent state? Who was its rivals? Koguryo kingdom (north)
Silla and Paekche kingdoms (SE, SW)
How was early Korea influenced by China? Sinification Buddhism
language, education, attempt at bureaucracy (opposed
How did the Tang Dynasty influence Silla? mini-Tang kingdom; sent emissaries and tribute; peace with China, learning, art, manufactured