John WinthropJohn WinthropJohn WinthropWhat I knew about John Winthrop before I did this report was that he was a Puritan who came here from England. He was the governor of his colony for over 12 elections. And last but not least, he had many vessels come over to America with over 700 passengers from England.
John Winthrop was born on January 12, 1588 in Suffolk, England. His father was the lord of Groton Manor, a small estate in the English countryside. Of course, John grew up on his fathers estate. While he was young a private tutor educated him, but at the age of fourteen his father enrolled him in Trinity College in Cambridge. He took in much knowledge from there in two years and then returned to his father’s estate, to begin to learn how to run his father’s estate, so that one day he’d run it himself.
John had a woman problem as a teenager but was introduced to a young woman named Mary Worth, by his father. He was married 3 weeks later at the age of 17. Just when he hit his 18th birthday he already had a child. John and Mary were married for 10 years and had six children, but Mary suddenly died. John remarried again but his new wife died on their one-year anniversary. A year passed and he married possibly the most beautiful women in all of American history, Margaret Tyndall. To John he treasured her as his most prized possession. She was a woman of faith and she was also gracious and beautiful. Even when they were not together, they were always writing letters to each other. Here’s a portion of a letter that he wrote to her:
“I am still detained from thee, but it is by the Lord, who hath a greater interest in me than thy self, when his work is done he will restore me to thee again to or mutual comfort: AmenI hope to be with thee to morrowSo I kiss my sweet wife & rest.” (John Winthrop to his wife, Margaret)
In John’s early 30’s he began to start to study law. This equipped him to be a great lord with collecting rent, tax, and deal with government authorities. But John wouldn’t follow in his father’s footsteps. While he was either away at college or stuck on the estate, he began to change his views. This was called Puritanism.
Winthrop was an extremely religious man and told the Puritan belief that the Anglican Church had to be rid of Catholic ritual. Winthrop thought highly that England would be punished for its belief and heresy, and believed that English Puritans needed to get away from this heretic church and to get to a shelter away from England where they could remain safe. So he planned to move many settlers into the New World.
Charles I of England let them move to the New World but he was not aware that the colony was moving for religious purposes. He believed that it was going to be more of a commercial venture to see how the New World was like. But on March 4, 1629, Winthrop signed the Cambridge agreement. This guaranteed that Massachusetts would be a self-governing colony, answerable only to the King of England. He signed this with his wealthier Puritan friends, to pledge that they would leave on the next trip only to find a new Puritan colony in New England.
Winthrop was elected governor in 1629, before they even set sail. He was re-elected many times but also voted out of governorship a few times. As governor he was didn’t want change of the Puritans very much. Winthrop tried to keep the number of executions for heresy to a minimum so they wouldn’t end up like other failed colonies. He also didn’t follow to many conservative practices such as veiling women, which many Puritans supported.
In the spring of 1630, John Winthrop sold all of his possessions and arranged to move his whole family to the New World. John and his wife were expecting a baby so he decided to leave her and his oldest son at home for the first year. Winthrop led a fleet of twelve vessels and seven hundred passengers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. His fleet was called The Winthrop Fleet of 1630. This was the greatest fleet ever to be assembled to carry Englishmen overseas.
Each family that was on the vessels to go overseas were supposed to be responsible for bringing their own supplies, but many jumped on board at the last minute with little or no food. They thought that god would have carried them the whole way. These people had to beg for food to others, but they also had little to spare. When the settlers reached land and saw what the new land was like, a large amount of them refused to get off the ships and wanted to sail back to England immediately. But there were the others that were so weakened by malnutrition that they were already dying. But the people who were dying of malnutrition weren’t the only people dying. Within a few days of their arrival, Johns son Henry drowned in a river. This situation made it even worse for John with both the people and his son dying. But
The Irish are not alone in having this exact problem, and the fact that their people are not only severely underfed, but chronically underindebted is one reason that thousands of the Irish are leaving the colonies and are leaving for the American mainland. It’s all because of a lack of education, or lack of a decent job for those with small children. The poor children (especially young children), are often deprived of nutrition because of a lack of schools and a lack of jobs. The rest of the poor children are, on average, only fed a couple of meals a day. One group of people in Texas recently became the first of a series of people that has been living in the Texas oil fields for over a century. They, along with other poor people are living in the desert and have been working there for a number of years. So if you think about the lack of education and job opportunities for the people and how this comes from being a poor people, the only way that you can ever be at ease with this is to stay in one’s own area of the country. This was a typical Irish-American story when they first moved into Texas from Michigan.
The fact that the Americans have not had the opportunity to clean their children and pay for their education proves a very real problem for poor African American children who have been living in this country for some time. Their children are living in filthy, overcrowded conditions on empty, empty stomachs, or living in filthy, filthy housing on a filthy, filthy beach, or their children are sitting ducks in our water. That’s right: children here aren’t going to eat the grass, the garbage, the laundry. They are going to live in unsupportive, sick, and dirty conditions that lead to diseases and starvation. Not to mention, that’s just not affordable. It’s an economic disaster for the poor, and it’s been costing more than a million people their livelihoods since the beginning of the American Civil War.
Of these thousands of those people (see Figure 1, below) whose children left Texas to go to someplace other than Texas, about half (47%) were on military service. A little over half the children from Texas had had at least one of their spouses killed. But here’s the most serious part for those children: most never really left the country except for when they could. In fact, nearly half of the children from Texas didn’t even come back after one year. Some are only on their second term after that. About half of these children are leaving voluntarily. What’s less clear about this is whether or not the children who left are being paid or are leaving from the United States. In most instances, these people were in the military, but some, they were in prison, or otherwise had families living in the country. It’s not as though they are fighting every fight. In fact, the worst of them are leaving for places other than Texas because of the political differences between the two groups.
Figure 1: Children who left Texas (left) after one year of military service.
Source: United States Department of Defense.
Most of these were all in Texas at the same time as the children left