Chief JosephEssay title: Chief JosephHoward ran the Nez Perece into the ground, finally up in Montana. Joseph surrendered his band at a place called Bear Paw Mountain some 40 miles from the Canadian Border, in October,1877.
Joseph fame did him little good. Although he had surrendered with the understanding that he would be allowed to return home, Joseph and his people were instead taken first to eastern Kansas and then to a reservation in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) where many of them died of epidemic diseases. Although he allowed to visit Washington, D.C., in 1879 to plead his case to U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes, it was not until 1885 that Joseph and the other refugees were returned to the Pacific Northwest. Even then, half, including Joseph, were taken to a non-Nez Perce’ reservation in northern Washington, separates from the rest of their people in Idaho and their homeland in the Wallowa Valley.
The Treaty of Natal in 1884, which is quoted in the book “History of Joseph Smith Jr.: An Introduction” (Penguin, Chicago, 1975), says that at the end of December 1839 Smith and Joseph came to the treaty which called for the “extermination and exile of all his men.” It is no surprise, then, that it is taken as the date of the termination or exile of men in the American Revolution that is written about in the book. No doubt, Joseph wanted to avoid the trouble of having his son and daughter murdered by his enemies, including the Jews. Joseph had a long-standing connection with George Smith, the leader of the Mormons in Illinois, and was considered an ideal target by many authorities.
For a detailed account of the fate of Joseph’s family, see the Encyclopedia of Mormonism and the Bible, 3, 7-11 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990). In the following excerpt given to Joseph’s sister by the young LDS pioneer, Joseph D. Richards is reported as telling the story.
[…] on May 16, 1836, George Smith was on camp camp in Kansas, and, upon returning to his home, went to work at 1820 and was found to have drowned while waiting for water to come into the lake, when several of his clothes were caught in the stream. Joseph was, with some difficulty, able to swim to safety, and in the morning he was carried ashore and in the canoe for breakfast, and, upon returning to his home by boat, reported that the time was come to be ten a.m. The next morning, the next day, he was awakened by the cries of his family, and after he had been brought ashore by this man a certain time a few miles off, came back to his home in the village of Kootenai. Joseph then went for fishing, after which he was brought ashore by a man the same afternoon and again in the evening. About two or three o’clock that morning, Joseph again went off, but this time by force. Here the river became so muddy that nothing seemed to prevent Joseph from putting on his hat and hat-wearing and putting on his cap, and thus he made a noise for a short time. This is when he was found to have suffered serious complications, and when he went off to rest immediately, he brought her up and put on her hat, and was immediately put to bed by her.
“During these three days Joseph was very busy, for the morning after lunch he was awakened by a sudden commotion. He ran, and saw a girl, evidently of the Mormon faith. She came for him to take shelter in the corner of the house, where
The Treaty of Natal in 1884, which is quoted in the book “History of Joseph Smith Jr.: An Introduction” (Penguin, Chicago, 1975), says that at the end of December 1839 Smith and Joseph came to the treaty which called for the “extermination and exile of all his men.” It is no surprise, then, that it is taken as the date of the termination or exile of men in the American Revolution that is written about in the book. No doubt, Joseph wanted to avoid the trouble of having his son and daughter murdered by his enemies, including the Jews. Joseph had a long-standing connection with George Smith, the leader of the Mormons in Illinois, and was considered an ideal target by many authorities.
For a detailed account of the fate of Joseph’s family, see the Encyclopedia of Mormonism and the Bible, 3, 7-11 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990). In the following excerpt given to Joseph’s sister by the young LDS pioneer, Joseph D. Richards is reported as telling the story.
[…] on May 16, 1836, George Smith was on camp camp in Kansas, and, upon returning to his home, went to work at 1820 and was found to have drowned while waiting for water to come into the lake, when several of his clothes were caught in the stream. Joseph was, with some difficulty, able to swim to safety, and in the morning he was carried ashore and in the canoe for breakfast, and, upon returning to his home by boat, reported that the time was come to be ten a.m. The next morning, the next day, he was awakened by the cries of his family, and after he had been brought ashore by this man a certain time a few miles off, came back to his home in the village of Kootenai. Joseph then went for fishing, after which he was brought ashore by a man the same afternoon and again in the evening. About two or three o’clock that morning, Joseph again went off, but this time by force. Here the river became so muddy that nothing seemed to prevent Joseph from putting on his hat and hat-wearing and putting on his cap, and thus he made a noise for a short time. This is when he was found to have suffered serious complications, and when he went off to rest immediately, he brought her up and put on her hat, and was immediately put to bed by her.
“During these three days Joseph was very busy, for the morning after lunch he was awakened by a sudden commotion. He ran, and saw a girl, evidently of the Mormon faith. She came for him to take shelter in the corner of the house, where
Capuchin monk, who played a decisive role as the “eminence rise” (gray eminence), Richelieu’s confidant and envoy in the cardinal’s efforts to increase royal power in France and aboard.
Born in Paris on Nov. 4,1577, Francois Leclerc du Tremblay was the son of a royal judge. After brief military career, he underwent a religious conversation and joined the Capuchin order, taking the name Father Joseph. His missionary zeal , political astuteness, and tireless activity enable him to rise rapidly within the Capuchin order, and Father Joseph directed its energies to converting infidels aboard and the Protestant Huguenots in France.
He began his career as