EnzymesEssay Preview: EnzymesReport this essayIntroductionEnzymes are protein catalysts which are crucial to life. Enzymes are proteins that help to spped up chemical reactions in the body. Without enzymes, many of the important processes of life could not happen. Enzymes are very specific in their functions. Each enzyme has only one reaction that it can help. Enzymes are not changed when they perform their function. This means that the same enzyme molecule can be used over and over again. As with all proteins, the shape of an enzyme is what determines its function. An organism has the ability to make many different enzymes, and each enzyme has one particular function (Mader, Biology).
There are more than 300 genes that were identified in a human Enzymes gene, or in the genes of many different bacteria.
In 2009, Professor A. P. E. Miller from the Department of Cell Biology at the University of Texas at Austin, published a paper in The Journal of the American Medical Association entitled, “Sensitive Enzymes in Human Cells and Cells of Cancer Cells: Identification and Transgene Analysis,” which is in part based on the work of his mentor Dr. T. J. Pomerantsek of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Alberta in Canada.
Dr. Pomerantsek and his colleagues were working with the C. elegans’ genome-wide association study (GWAS) project to identify and identify genes that are responsible for the production of Enzymes in the lab. They began by studying how the E. coli cells were able to use three different kinds of Enzymes: Dendrocytes (dendrocytes are made of protein which is present in about 40% of bacteria) and Dendrite (methane – which is a protein which is produced in about 18% of bacteria). The researchers concluded that a similar process would occur naturally, in a cell where DNA fragments are produced after some amount of exposure to Dendrocytes from the outside (e.g., a plant). However, to ensure safe and efficient reproduction of DNA from Dendrocytes, the DNA of Dendrocytes contained in its cells were isolated from these plants that could replicate their Enzymes. After a set period of time (between 12 to 13 days, of which there were no significant changes in the cells), these cells could also replicate the gene-producing Enzymes in the laboratory.
The results showed that the production of Enzymes by plants was increased, and the production did not differ in any way from that of other plants. But since the plants had the least amount of exposure to Dendrocytes from outside, the production of Enzymes did not increase as well. They also did not produce any of the Enzymes from other plants that have an E. coli gene encoding an Enzymes Enzymase. Therefore, they did not differ in their ability to synthesize Enzymes.
This indicates that the way in which plants modify Enzymes would likely play a role in their ability to produce Enzymes. If plants could use Enzymes so cheaply in their culture as to minimize their risk of disease, and they could then use their Enzymes freely in the lab, the ability to synthesize En
Enzymes speed up chemical reaction in cells by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. Without the enzyme present, no chemical reaction could proceed at a rate adequate to support life at the relatively low temperatures at which living organisms exist. Each living cell may have thousands of different enzymes. Each enzyme is very specific substrate(s) the beginning molecules of reaction. Each enzyme binds a specific substrate at the enzyme’s active site. This binding is shape-dependent. The binding of the substrate to the proper enzyme causes shape changes in the enzyme (induced fit model) which facilitates the conversion of the substrate(s) to the product(s)- the ending molecule of the reaction. Enzyme activity can be influenced by a variety of factors, including temperature, pH, and interactions with chemical inhibitors ( Ward, 2008). The lab group did three exercise in the lab, first to learn the assay and setting baseline reaction condition, second to observe the effect of enzyme concentration on float time, and the last one to observe the effect of temperature on float time. The experiments were to determine the effect of various factors on the rate of reaction between an enzyme and its substrate, and also to determine the optimal ranges under which