What Is I.D.E.A. and How Does It Effect Students of Color?
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Mid-Term
What is I.D.E.A.
How Does It
Affect
Students of Color?
Written By
Sarah Pullano
ED U570
Prof. Wolfe
February 26, 2004
The United States is home to hundreds of different types of peoples and cultures. We have always prided ourselves on our achievements as a nation, but now there is a problem. In the past century we have discovered that it is inhumane to hide away people that are different from us. It is an atrocity to deny one child an education just because he/she cant see, hear, speak, walk, or even think like normal people. Now is the time for change and from this time, we are introduced to I.D.E.A. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was passed so that all children might be able to receive a free, appropriate public education. We have had the law for a few decades now, but what exactly is I.D.E.A. and how is it really helping the disabled students of America?
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, a child with a disability is a child with mental retardation, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), serious emotional disturbance (herinafter referred to as emotional disturbance), orthopedic impairments, autism, traumatic brain injury, other health impairments, or specific learning disabilities. This definition is for a general child. If the child is younger, age 3 through 9, a child with a disability can include any child that is experiencing developmental delays, as defined by the State and as measured by appropriate diagnostic instruments and procedures, in on or more of the following areas: physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, or adaptive development. Both of these categories include any child, by reason thereof, that needs special education and related services. (IDEA 97)
Now that we know what classifies a disabled child, what exactly are these disabilitie?. The following will be definitions of what each of these disabilities entail.
1) Mental retardation – Characterized by IQ level below 70 and must have significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least 2 of the follwing skill areas: communication, self care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health and safety. (APA)
2) Hearing impairments – permanent or fluctuating impairment in hearing that adversely affects educational performance. (Schwab Learning)
3) Speech or language impairments – includes communication disorders, language impairments, voice impairments that adversely affects educational performance. (Schwab Learning)
4) Visual Impairments – impairment in vision that even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness. (Arbeiter)
5) Emotional Disturbance – Characterized by one or more of the following conditions over a long period of time: An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; an inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers; inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances; a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; or a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. (NICHCY)
6) Orthopedic impairments – includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures). (IDEA 97)
7) Autism – brain disorder that begins in early childhood and persists throughout adulthood; affects three crucial areas of development: communication, social interaction, and creative or imaginative play. (NIDCD)
8) Traumatic brain injury – includes acquired injury caused by external physical force and open or closed head injuries that result in impairments; does not include congenital or degenerative brain injuries or brain injuries caused by birth trauma. (Schwab Learning)