The Way And Life Of General Carl A. Spaatz
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The Way and Life of General Carl A. Spaatz
The name General Carl Tooey Andrew Spaatz has become synonymous with the phrase air power and strategist. Air power has come along way since Wilbur and Orville launched the first airplane in 1902 in the city of Kitty Hawk. Famous engineers have taken the Wright-Brothers design and made great improvements to them while slowly integrating these new powerful means of transportation, weaponry and communication aids into the military. Since the onset of World War I there has been a debate on how to most effectively use these new airplanes in the Armys collection. Most individuals believed that airplanes should be under control of the Army theater commander, while very few felt that these airplanes should be a separate entity from the Army. One of these few people who believed that the Air Force should be separate is General Spaatz. General Spaatz possessed perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge; all factors leading him becoming a substantial proponent of a separate Air Force. Spaatz legacy continues to live on; his leadership skills continue to influence people today as General Spaatz is still able to impact air power in the 21st century.
It is no accident that General Spaatz is a proponent of a separate Air Force. Spaatzs perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge would lead him to be a proponent of a separate Air Force were all being shaped, tweaked and instilled upon him during his early plebe years at the United States Military Academy (USMA) beginning in 1900. Looking back on Spaatzs career at the USMA, one would not predict Spaatz to become the first Chief of Staff of the newly independent United States Air Force. However, these four years spent at the USMA were very influential, particularly in Spaatzs development as a leader and his ability to persevere. While at the USMA Spaatz was very much a rebel and was constantly breaking the rules. Nevertheless, Spaatz knew he was smart, he demonstrated this by being ranked in the top half of his class. Although, as Spaatz entered his senior year, he felt he had nothing else to prove and began to slack off. Eventually Spaatz ended up being ranked near the bottom of his class. He went from the rank of 39th to 98th of 107 within a year. With the possibility of getting kicked-out Spaatz used his perseverance and determination to go from that 98th rank to 57th by graduation (Mets 8). Spaatz knew he was a smart individual and was just persistent on being lazy and breaking the rules while at the USMA. Due to his perseverance to consciously break the rules Spaatz was written up a number of times for failing to perform to the military standard. His wife claims he was not the ideal military soldier and often defied the rules set upon him, as he was still marching punishment tours on graduation day (Mets 7). Some of Spaatzs infractions include failing to clean his rifle properly, gambling, smoking and drinking. The USMA focuses on developing obedience, loyalty and discipline among their plebes; however, the one thing that developed the most was Spaatzs willingness to go against the majority. David R. Mets writes in, Master of Airpower that the one thing learned during his years at USMA was a, “disposition to challenge the system” (7). This ability to have his own ideas and persistence developed at USMA and would be very important in Spaatzs push for a separate and equal Air Force.
Spaatzs character development, particularly in the areas of leadership, perseverance and military knowledge did not end with his graduation from the United States Military Academy. After his commission into the Army he was sent to the ideal 2nd Lieutenant location of Hawaii where he was placed in charge of a regiment of black soldiers. He then moved on to the Army Air Service in 1915 and eventually landed in North Island, San Diego, California. While at North Island, Spaatz was very active; he learned how to fly and took in a great deal of information about the general field of air power (Mets 14). Through Spaatzs persistence during pilot training he became a natural-flyer, “He reportedly soloed after only 50 minutes of instruction” (Glines 2). After his time in San Diego Spaatz was stationed at Columbus, New Mexico, where he saw first hand the United States inability to fight effectively. While stationed at Columbus his 1st Aero Squadron was tasked with chasing down Francisco “Pancho” Villa in Mexico. The Air Services inability to track him down due to ineffective resources culminated in 1917 with the United States entering the war against Germany. The Mexico disaster along with the war against Germany, “served as a wake-up call for America that its ragtag air force was not ready for a war in the air anywhere” (Glines 2). After these disheartening events Spaatz was sent to France where his phenomenal leadership skills came to light for the first time.
When Spaatz arrived at Issodum, France in September 1917, the United States military was short in pilots and thus, concentrated on training and producing as many pilots as possible. Issodum was to become the fourth phase of a pilot training plan and was imperative to producing advance pursuit pilots for the war. However, when Spaatz arrived at Issodum the school and grounds was in ruins, often referred to as a “mudhole” (Mets 25). Issodum had no quarters for the cadets to live in, no feasible way of getting to the nearest city from the base, no hot water and was very implausible and difficult to take off and land in the muddy runways on the base. Unfortunately, all this was nothing compared to the real problem at Issodum; there was a significantly high death rate, five times higher, compared to other training bases. Spaatz, unlike his predecessors, would not stand for these working conditions and decided to make drastic changes. In the dead of winter, Spaatz began making changes beginning with the safety of the cadet pilots. The changes he implemented worked as the death toll decreased per thousand hours flying time and thus improving morale (Mets 26). With the improvement in moral Spaatz then focused on building the flying program up. He took the mudhole at Issodum and through his leadership, perseverance and knowledge of what the military needed transformed Issodum into an efficient training base with an impressive flying program. The base became such a success that when General Pershing and Secretary of War Newton D. Baker visited the base in 1918, Spaatz was able to provide an amazing 100 plane air show much to their accolades (Glines 2). By the time Spaatz was re-assigned from the base, Issodum was very much on its way to producing 1,839 advanced pilots (Mets 30). This amazing turnaround Spaatz