Essay About Linnaeus Ўv And Redi Ўv Experiment

Microbiology Study Guide
Essay title: Microbiology Study Guide
Study Guide Notes ЎV Test 1
CHAPTER 1
Linnaeus ЎV naming system
Hooke ЎV cells in cork
Van Leeuwenhoek ЎV animalcules (1st obs. of live microorganisms)
Redi ЎV experiment to disprove spontaneous generation ЎV meat
Needham ЎV experiment to prove spontaneous generation ЎV broth (vital force)
Spallanzani ЎV heated broth did not develop microbial growth
Virchow ЎV biogenesis (living can only arise from preexisting living)
Pasteur ЎV air contained, but did not produce, microbes (broth, s-flasks); pasteurization; lose virility, still immunity
Lister ЎV aseptic surgery (phenol on surgical wounds)
Koch ЎV cause of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) ЎV bacteria in blood, injected into healthy, died, compared bacteria
Jenner ЎV vaccines (cowpox provided immunity against small pox) ЎV milk maids
Erlich ЎV Ў§magic bulletЎЁ; salvarsan against syphilis
Fleming ЎV Penicillium chrysogenum inhibited bacteria growth in plate
Beadle & Tatum ЎV one gene one enzyme hypothesis
Avery, MacLeod & McCarty ЎV DNA = hereditary material
Tatum & Lederberg ЎV conjugation
Watson & Crick ЎV aa model for structure/replication of DNA
Jacob & Monod ЎV mRNA
Beijerinck & Winogradsky ЎV microbial ecology
Naming: Latinized, Genus 1st – always caps, species 2nd – always lower case, both underlined or italics; descriptive
Characteristics
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Many shapes: bacillus (rods), coccus (sphere), spirilla (spiral)
Individually or in groups
Reproduce by binary fission
Archaea
Cell walls NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Shares characteristics with bacteria and euk, but diff from each
Often in extreme environments
3 groups:
methanogens (produce methane)
extreme thermophiles (hot sulfurous water)
extreme halophiles (very salty environments)
Eukaryotes
Fungi
Multi- or Uni-cellular (yeasts)
Cell walls mostly chitin
Typical fungi = molds
Form mycelia, composted of hyphae
Reproduce sexually or asexually
Protozoa
Unicellular
Move via:
Pseudopods (extensions of cytoplasm)
Flagella (whiplike)
Cilia (shorter)
Free or as parasite
Sexual or asexual
Algae
photosynthetic
variety of shapes
sexual and asexual reproductive forms
cell walls composed of cellulose (like plants)
take co2, sunlight, h20 ЎV create oxygen and carbs (imp. In balance of environment)
Viruses
Very diff. from other microbes
Very small ЎV need electron microscope
Acellular
Nucleic acid core
Protein coat
Some also have envelope
Obligate