The Challenges of Leading a Small Crew – the Littoral Combat ShipEssay title: The Challenges of Leading a Small Crew – the Littoral Combat ShipThe Challenges of Leading a Small Crew:The Littoral Combat ShipTroy UniversityAbstractThe infusion of Information Technology, combined with the concept of modularity, promises to make the new Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) a uniquely capable and robust war-fighting platform in the U.S. Navys arsenal of ships. These highly complex ships will be taken to sea by a small crew of highly trained sailors, operating in a fashion never before seen in the Navy and illuminating an idea central to the Navys ability to dominate the worlds seas for decades to come; increased technology and fewer sailors. The use of increasingly sophisticated technology to reduce manning requirements leads to lower operating costs and a significant leadership challenge for officers and senior enlisted sailors who will be in charge of these fine ships.
Deckplate Leadership and Information Technology: The Littoral Combat ShipThe Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) program was brought to life in May 2004 when the Defense Department authorized the construction of two different LCS class ships to be built by two design teams, one led by General Dynamics and a second led by Lockheed Martin (Figure 1). The Lockheed Martin built LCS-1 is under construction at Wisconsins Marinette Marine Corp. while the General Dynamic built LCS-2 is under construction at Alabamas Austal USA shipyard in Mobile (“Navy Moves”, 2007). Each design team had expended significant resources and expertise to be considered, and this authorization brought the opportunity for both design teams to build the ship they had designed under a multi-million dollar contract that would begin with two ships and possibly culminate in the construction of up to 60 ships in total (“Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)”, n.d.). The Lockheed Martin ship design is a single hull ship while the General Dynamics design is a trimaran type of hull.
Figure 1Each design team met or exceeded the design specifications required by the Navy, producing ship designs that could operate in the littoral waters of the world where other U.S. Navy vessels had limited or no capability, could achieve speeds in excess of 40 knots/46 miles per hour (“Measurement Conversion, n.d.”) and encompassed an un-refueled range of more than 3500 nautical miles. It is very likely though, that the most notable of the design specifications sought by the Navy, was the notion of warfare component modularity (“Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)”, n.d.).
The modularity design feature is a significant departure from years past in U.S. Navy ship design. Previous classes of ships were designed and built to perform multiple warfare functions and equipment changes were difficult, usually resulting in costly and time-consuming maintenance availabilities (Lexington Institute, 2006). The modularity design feature was highly sought after because, in the words of Rear Admiral Mark Buzby, “technology has changed so quickly in the course of the past 10-12 years, the combat system on many surface ships is outdated and no longer able to meet threats or projected threats. Now you are stuck with a hardwired combat system that you now have to upgrade at tremendous expense and, oh by the way, youve now taken that ship out of the fleet for up to a year while you are ripping stuff out and putting it back in. The beauty of LCS is that you are not linked to that tyranny anymore.”
The addition of other sophisticated systems such as the Integrated Bridge System (IBS) round out the manpower reduction technologies that will enable the LCS ships to operate with a core crew of only 40-50 sailors (Littoral Combat Ship Specifications, n.d.; Lexington Institute, 2006), a stark reduction in manning from the 300 crewmembers found on a similarly sized Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate (FFG) (Federation of American Scientists, n.d.).
Operating and maintaining such a technologically advanced ship presents a significant challenge for a new generation of sailors, particularly so for the officers and senior enlisted people who will be responsible for leading and managing the small number of sailors assigned. In addition to the obvious challenges stemming from the manning reductions, additional challenges will come from the design features that make the LCS ships so different from the ships operating in the U.S. Navy today. Some of the very functions that make the LCS such a capable sea-going platform or “sea frame” (“Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)”, n.d.) such as modularity, the unique combination of propulsion
”, the capability to support many of the more sophisticated life-support systems available in sea-carrying vessels. That is what a new generation U.S. Navy LCS is designed to accomplish.
1 The LCS, as currently operated, will have a full complement of officers, enlisted and crew member from the U.S. Navy. The LCS will also provide a significant operational incentive for new crews to be assigned to different units and locations for a single operation. There is substantial emphasis on improving the crew performance of each LCS to ensure greater consistency and coordination, particularly in support of operational decisions, and the ability to deliver ships where needed. The LCS is planned to include a number of capabilities that will make such an operational decision-making process a viable and meaningful part of the operations of the U.S. Navy in any war or security situation, including: (i) the ability and ability to successfully conduct a “migration of small scale tactical naval or naval command groups to a high readiness sea” or (ii) any other strategic consideration.
The LCS will also provide an extensive array of features that further enhance the reliability and adaptability of the U.S. Navy to a changing environment. There will be two main types of Navy Vessel with different operating schedules: (i) Naval Seals – the Naval Seals (NSS) are naval officers’ groups who receive the same type of training as the regular officer’s group and are trained annually in a broad repertoire of disciplines, as they typically work in the same navy ships; (ii) The Coast Guard – a Marine Seals unit that represents the Coast Guard, the Coast Guard’s primary maritime command group or naval ship.
In addition to the features outlined above, the LCS will also provide a substantial financial incentive for those who may be interested to enter the Navy. While other nations such as Japan and South Korea may have strong military capabilities which support the U.S.’s mission, U.S. Navy personnel often have to be prepared to deal with even one non-combatant from every nation in the world who may be unfamiliar with sea warfare. Thus far, with the increasing number of ships in the U.S. Navy, the number of military personnel in both countries and their ability to conduct a mission will be high-stakes. For example, at first glance, the U.S. Navy might seem more successful in being able to hold on to its own small fleet than have the U.S. Navy go in line with their interests, but the actual capability that can be utilized is so highly developed that it is virtually unachievable any one navy will be able to fulfill its mission. The lack of interoperability will also ensure that the U.