Essay About M-Nitrobenzoic Acid And Benzoic Acid

Nitration of an Aromatic Ring
Essay Preview: Nitration of an Aromatic Ring
Report this essay
IntroductionElectrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) is an organic reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a Hydrogen atom in an aromatic compound. It is very useful because substituted aromatic rings are often used as solvents and as important intermediates of many syntheses. The general form of the compound may be seen in equation 1 where Ar – H is an aromatic compound and E+ as any electrophile that may replace H+.Ar – H        +        E+                        Ar – E               +        H+         (Equation 1)[pic 1]An example of an EAS reaction is the Nitration of an aromatic ring, which is the primary step in order for the preparation of different organic compounds. In this exercise, you are going to prepare m-nitrobenzoic acid by reacting benzoic acid with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid. It is expected that you can write the general equation for the mechanism based on EAS.The side reactions that may accompany the formation of m-nitrobenzoic acid given in equations 2 and 3:[pic 2][pic 3][pic 4]Equation 2:   Dintration to form                   3,5-dinitrobenzoic acidObjectives To prepare an aromatic nitro compound by means of an EAS reactionTo prepare m-nitrobenzoic acid from benzoic acid;To recrystallize the crude product; andTo write the mechanism for the nitration of benzoic acid and the accompanying side reactions.To compare the starting material and the productTo differentiate between m-nitrobenzoic and benzoic acid by using simple chemical tests.Materials and MethodsSchematic Diagram of the ProcedureSynthesis and Isolation of M-Nitrobenzoic AcidChemical Test for the Comparison of Starting Material and ProductTest for unsaturated linkagesReaction with Ferrous ChlorideNote: Should be freshly prepared!Clean Up and Waste ManagementPartWasteAction1Acid or base aqueous wastesPlace in bottles labelled “Aqueous wastes”2ABromine test mixturePlace in bottles labelled “Halogenated Organic Wastes”2ABaeyer’s test mixturePlace in bottles labelled “Mn-Containing Wastes”2BFe(OH)2 test mixturePlace in bottles labelled “Iron-Containing Wastes”Setup(s)List of Necessary Chemicals[pic 5]Table 11.1. Data on the list of chemicals that will be used in the exercise.