Nitration of an Aromatic Ring – M-Nitrobenzoic Acid from Benzoic Acid
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Exercise No. 11Nitration of an Aromatic Ringm-Nitrobenzoic Acid from Benzoic AcidArchangel Gabriel J. NudaloGroup No. 4CHEM 40.1 12LI. Introduction Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a reaction used in many organic syntheses because it prohibits many functional groups from reacting to the aromatic ring. The general form for this reaction is:Ar-H + E+ → Ar-E + H+ where Ar-H is an aromatic compound and E+ is an electrophile that can replace H from Ar-H. In this exercise, nitric acid is protonated by sulfuric acid to form nitronium ion (NO2+). This ion functions as an electrophile and reacts with benzene to produce nitrobenzene and benzene-sulfuric acid (Laali & Gettwert, 2000). In chemical equation, it is shown as:[pic 1](Image obtained from
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