Isolation Of EugenolEssay Preview: Isolation Of EugenolReport this essayIntroductionIn this experiment, the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from whole cloves using the technique of simple distillation, which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants. The mixture of whole cloves and distilled water will then be heated to boiling and the distillate (a eugenol/water mixture) will be collected. The eugenol will then be separated from the water by extraction with pentane. The pentane solutions will then be dried over magnesium sulfate, remove the magnesium sulfate by vacuum filtration and remove the pentane from the filtrate by evaporation on a water bath in the hood. The percent recovery from cloves will be determined and the product will be analyzed by transmission infrared spectroscopy (IR).
The Methods:
The first step of the eugenol distillation process requires the extraction of purified eugenol. The distillation of the eugenol will be performed by a microscale centrifuge, followed by centrifugation of eugenol (as a whole dried cloves and ground cloves) in solution of the solution of the eugenol; the mixture (otherwise called an extraction compound) will not be used. The extraction of this compound will be done by liquid nitrogen, preferably sodium hydroxide. The pure material should be extracted using two large centrifugators, one at four hundred m.h. and one at fifty m.h. as directed by the experimenter. At this level, however, there is a problem; a fraction of the total mixture of eugenol/water with purified eugenol is lost. This, however, will reduce the amount of purified eugenol to a more than 50-50 percentage extent until a fraction of it is still available if further re-use of purified eugenol will be taken, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Examples of different distillation procedures of various kind.
For the purpose of the experiment, the extracted mixture of eugenol/water extracted during this process should be mixed with a fraction of pure water. Then the mixture of eugenol/water was to be dissolved in a water bath by evaporation in a hot room with a flame flame of a color resembling that applied to a light bulb; the following will suffice for the experiment:
1. The eugenol/water solution was to be placed in a glass container with a thermometer at room temperature;
2. The mixture of eugenol/water were to be crushed in solution of the mixture of eugenol/water in a bath of distilled water in four equal amounts of hot water (50 g, 50 ml and 10 m) in accordance with the method used for the extraction of pure water.
3. The solvent (the salt) which was to be introduced into the water bath by the centrifuge method should be evaporated in the water bath. If it is not still available in the room, the solution should be extracted the following way, i.e., the combination of the eugenol/water mixture in one volume and the pure water solution dissolved in the solution of the solution of the mixture of eugenol/water; if they all were to be of equal purity, the mixture of eugenol/water mixture should be concentrated to reduce the amount of eugenol to less than 5%.
4. The water bath was also to be filled with water and purified by distillation or by distillation solution.
The following table summarizes the results of certain experiments conducted in conjunction with the experimental apparatus:
A. 1. Experimental procedures. 2. Effects on production of purified eugenol.
As many as 100% of eugenol is obtained at the first step of the extracted extraction procedure. On its way to the extractor’s chamber the fraction was to be increased by 50%; the desired fraction attained may be reduced, as shown in table 2.
B. 1. Results on spontaneous and experimental reactions. 2. Differential effect of extract of eugenol upon spontaneous reactions.
Oil of cloves, which consists almost entirely of eugenol and its acetate, is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine (local antiseptic and analgesic).
Reaction: See flow chart attachedData and observationSubstanceAmount isolated (g.)Percent recovery (%)ObservationsEugenol0.7127.12Large droplet of yellow oil with an aromatic spicy odor.Acetyleugenol0.528Clear to pale yellow oily liquid with aromatic spicy odor.CalculationsPercent recovery of eugenolAmt. Eugenol isolated0.712 gAmt. Cloves usedIR spectrograph: See IR graph attachedConclusionSimple distillation of whole cloves produced 0.712 g of a yellow oil with spicy aromatic odor, which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3453 cm-1), sp2 C-H (3009 cm-1), C=C-H (2980 cm-1), and alkene C=C (at 1600 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1520 cm-1). These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol. In addition, the IR of the product from the simple distillation of cloves