CancerEssay Preview: CancerReport this essayCancer /ˈkænsər/ ( listen) (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a large, heterogeneous class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion that intrudes upon and destroys adjacent tissues, and often metastasizes, wherein the tumor cells spread to other locations in the body via the lymphatic system or through the bloodstream. These three malignant properties of cancer differentiate malignant tumors from benign tumors, which do not grow uncontrollably, directly invade locally, or metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant body sites like brain, bone, liver, or other organs.
Researchers divide the causes of cancer into two groups: those with an environmental cause, and those with a hereditary genetic cause. Cancer is primarily an environmental disease, though genetics influence the risk of some cancers.[1] Common environmental factors leading to cancer include tobacco use, poor diet and obesity, infection, radiation, lack of physical activity, and environmental pollutants.[1] These environmental factors cause or enhance abnormalities in the genetic material of cells.[2] Cell reproduction is an extremely complex process that is normally tightly regulated by several classes of genes, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Hereditary or acquired abnormalities in these regulatory genes can lead to the development of cancer. A small percentage of cancers, approximately five to ten percent, are entirely hereditary.
The presence of cancer can be suspected on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms, or findings after medical imaging. Definitive diagnosis of cancer, however, requires the microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen. Most cancers can be treated, with the most important modalities being chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. The prognosis in cancer cases can be greatly influenced by the type and location of the cancer and the extent of disease. While cancer can affect people of all ages, and a few types of cancer are more common in children than in adults, the overall risk of developing cancer generally increases with age, at least up to age 80-85 yr. In 2007, cancer caused about 13% of all human deaths worldwide (7.9 million). Rates are rising as more people live to an old age and as mass lifestyle changes occur in the developing wor
In 2012, a new group of researchers led by Dr. Kiyo Kawashima analyzed the health status of 541,680 people, including 4 million from Nigeria and 1 million from other parts of the world. It found that, among the four main types of cancers, cancer can occur only in men, which is similar to the findings from other epidemiological studies.
A recent study published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology and Community Health by Prof. J. Tariq Bhattacharya, President of the International Cancer Society.
A small number of patients have not received any anti-melanoma drugs and were found to have low levels. These included two cases of prostate cancer in one patient and one case of cervical cancer. Dr. A. F. Pukara, Head of Neurosurgery at ICH, who helped lead the study reported, “It is the first time that I have seen a data profile for all four of these major cancer types, which has not been done before in a systematic literature, so it seems possible that there may be changes in the prognosis of these cancers. We had to be very careful to separate treatment from the disease. We found indications to be in line with existing diagnostic techniques and therefore we need to continue to try any new treatments to identify which are effective. Although ICH and other cancer centres in India will offer the following therapies on demand in their respective regions, these are not suitable to help patients in those regions.
There are different approaches for treating melanoma. One solution is through a small intervention or an ultrasound scan to look for any signs of cancer. For many years, it has been suggested that this approach has become the standard. However, in the past years several such approaches have been developed with clinical data and a number of new strategies had been proposed, but the evidence hasn’t revealed a specific role of this approach to treat cancer in humans. Thus, the current approach is based on a large number of small interventions including direct use of radiation therapy, skin grafting, surgery, skin transplants, radiation therapy for the treatment of melanoma, and immunotherapy. It is also the case by some that as patients get less, it is harder to stop it from progressing. But the major drawback is that the treatment is so late in progress that it is even more complicated than such small interventions with early detection. This makes it very difficult to assess how effective the treatment might be. One potential method would ideally be to look at the melanoma with radiography, and use that as a tool to detect the tumors and to track that when they’re progressing. More than half the study participants (43%) in the group that carried out the ultrasound scan showed symptoms of cancer. At the same time, almost 30% also developed symptoms of cancer after treatment, compared to only about 13% before the scan and almost 7% after treatment.
In addition, some patients have no symptoms at all during treatment and are suffering from a range of complications, such as fatigue and skin loss. Thus, we have developed an alternative approach, one that relies on a combination of radiography and radiotherapy that also reduces the number of invasive lesions.
Most of these changes were seen in some patients, and we believe that the changes are