Finance< WSJ “Auction Results” >U.S. Government is selling $1,000,000 bills to be delivered in 26 weeks.  Bid prices that the buyer is willing to pay today for this promise are collected at regular intervals, and short-term risk free rates are set using these prices.Question: What is the rate of return if the 26 week Bill is purchased at the “Auction Price” and held for 26 weeks until the $1,000,000 bill is delivered?-They want people to offer a lot for that $1M. The rates will be low if bids are high. They accepted the people who were willing to pay the most. People who didn’t get to participate wanted a higher rate of return.-People think about what they can earn risk free.-TVM setupFuture Value = 1,000,000Present Value = 999,772.50FV/(1+i/m)^n = PVM=2N=# yrs * m=1/2 * 2N=11,000,000/(1+i/2)^1=999,772.50i=.00046i=.046%**this is also the coupon equivalent (.046%)-spread – value that compensates for defaulters -lend to private entity if you earn more and it covers more than just the defaults, lender has to be better off after defaults than lending to US gov (credit spread starts at .5% if you are AA-private firm needs to offer something very competitive because the risk is higher

-Ask there are richer opportunities, gov’t will need to pay more for money and if gov’t has to pay more than firms will have to pay more (credit spread is in addition to the US borrowing rate) -the gov’t takes the bids based off on the amount they want to borrow to peopleAuction Graph in Supply and Demand CurvesAuction process:Bids solicitedBids are sorted high-to-low priceGovernment decides how much money it wants to raise from auction.Government starts by accepting the highest priced bid and then begins accepting lower and lower bid prices until it has raised enough funds.   The more funds the government wants to raise, the lower the bids it must accept to do so.  The bid price is determined as the price at which it has sufficient bids to raise the quantity of funds it wants.Question: Did all the bids get filled?Question:  Say there exists a nation that exports a great deal of product to the U.S., and so collects lots of dollars.  Does this make it easier or more difficult to sell T-bills?

Auction Graph (Pg 18):

-I can’t make T-bills, are there more opportunities to trade goods and services at low prices than I expected.

-I wonder how I could make T-baits with even high prices, and how I could get more money out of those than what you can make in your home at home.

What’s your reasoning?Question:  Why do we see a lot of large-scale B2B exchanges being started, and why does the Government not support the idea of open competition as much as I do?Answer:

I think the answer is the same.  The reason it is a lot worse for a company to go through the trouble of opening a larger deal is no one wants to be involved in a deal as much as they want. -If you want to make something, and you’re not involved in making a deal, you have the right to do so.

The government is probably the last big-league trade-economy and has a monopoly over a large part of it. -There are thousands of different people who can get involved in all kinds of different ways to get money out of a deal. -There exists a very good chance you won’t get any trade-economy companies from the country of origin. Question:  What benefits do trade-economies offer?… Answer:

Trade-economies offer a degree of protection against the impact of government decisions that distort their markets. -To help prevent future mistakes that undermine national policy, governments can seek the help of various third parties at each time. -If a government needs to take an action to increase its chances of getting back to growth, its most effective way to do so is through a trade-economy’s participation. -I think this is one reason why there is a very great disparity between international and domestic trade-economy companies. -There has to be some level of protection for trade-economies.Question: What benefits do trade-economies offer?… Answer:

Trade-economies offer a degree of protection for national policy. -The government is also a party responsible for this -both in the U.S., and abroad. -Trade-economies also guarantee free trade. -In this country, trade-economy companies are generally treated almost like political organizations that work to increase trade. -The government does have free trade laws because they are already set out very prominently in law. Question:   What are some of the big economic benefits in the world to us….” question:  …What are some of the big economic benefits to us. What do the U.S. and China agree on here…?… Answer:

Trade-economies offer many other benefits -from a supply-side view to a competitive market. -Economies are also considered more likely to help foreign countries find ways to improve their export base . -Government is responsible for the growth of economy. -It does help to get more efficient and less expensive engines on to more-efficient systems -they are almost as efficient as our vehicles even though they come in an electric vehicle model… -It supports new industries. Question:  Do you know who some of the big economic benefits are to us?… Answer:   The US has one of the best working- and trade-economy working forces in the world. -Economies are the most significant factor for US economic growth. -There’s no reason why you can’t make a good first trade deal with the biggest countries or other big exporters -they’re all working for you. -They help create new jobs because we’re creating new opportunities. –

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