History of the InternetHistory of the InternetHistory of the InternetSteven JohnsonMr. DominguezLiterature Period 514 May 2001Works CitedBuick, Joanna and Jevtic, Zoran. Introducing Cyberspace. New York, NY: TotemBooks, 1995.Crick, Prof. Rex E. E-Mail History. [Online] AvailableHafner, Katie and Lyon, Mathew. Where Wizards Stay up Late. New York, NY:Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996.“Internet.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999 ed.Kristula, Dave. The History of the Internet. [Online] AvailableNetwork Solutions, Inc. What is the History of the Internet. [Online] AvailableTorgiano. Vinton Cerf. [Online] [email protected]. History of the Internet. [Online] AvailableJohnson 1The Internet is a vast network of computers and other mini-networks all linked together so that everyone can find information, purchase products, or meet new people. It is easily accessible from home for anyone that has a computer and a modem or at a local library. It has made a huge impact since its introduction to the public and now some people cannot see life without it. It is also relatively new considering it was just about 10 years ago that it was made public and easily accessible to everyone thorough online services.
The Internet works by a number of connections, leading to a bigger one and then somehow finding where it wants to be. So how does it do this? First it begins at the PC where the User’s machine is equipped to send and receive all variety of audio and video. From there, the data goes out through the PCs communication to the users “Local Loop” which is the Internet service provider such as AOL or some other online provider. In there, the system decides what kind of data is being sent and at this location it tells the data what type of data it is and where to go. Examples of the different kinds of data are Domain Name Server, E-mail, and newsgroups. From there it is sent to the ISP backbone, which interconnects the ISPs, POPs, and interconnects the ISP to other ISPs and online content. At this location the data is routed to the desired location and the online content the user was looking for, is found. The data is then sent back through the system to the original user. The information that is on the data coming back could have came from a wide array of sources such as books, financial markets, embedded chips or even made up by someone trying to fool the user. The History? The Internet is first
Johnson 2conceived in the early 60s. “Under the leadership of the Department of Defenses Advanced Research Project Agency, it grows from a paper architecture into a small
network (ARPANET) meant to promote the sharing of super-computers amongst researchers in the United States.” (Kristula, pg 68). Through the next couple years there were talks of about how this network could come into the cooperate world. In 1969 researchers at four US campuses created the first hosts of the ARPANET. They connected the Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. The ARPANET was a success from the very beginning. Although originally designed to allow scientists to share data and access remote computers, email quickly became the most popular application. The ARPANET became a high-speed digital post office as people use it to collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. In 1971
a team of mathematicians and physicists from the University of Texas, Austin, and the University of California Los Angeles teamed up and developed a network of ARPANET servers that could take data from a computer’s RAM.
I did some research on this program, and saw these sites and companies that were developing their own ARPANET systems. The first idea was to connect the internet through computers and send files to a computer that could then send those files to the internet (Google) instead of just sending and receiving them (Apple). I started sending files and sending the links, but my internet connection was out. I thought that perhaps some other way of connecting the internet would work, but it turned out that in 1971 we’d been in a similar state from the beginning. All the systems that we were doing (ARPANET and the Internet) were the same. And since we were working alone, we needed to be a part of that team. To accomplish the dream, we started the group ARPANET.
The next version was a little more advanced and would allow you to send files more quickly. But now you were sending files that could be read, copied, and written. I believe that by 1982 everyone was getting to the point where computers used for file transfers were much faster. These were really nice things (for most people, at least). Since we are now working with a much more sophisticated technology like the Internet, it was better to move faster and to think creatively and efficiently.
To begin the next group ARPANET you had the program RQ, which is a basic version of the internet. I think it was called it once the Internet network became available. A real computer was created. It looked like this. It got a little better under the same circumstances as the Internet, but it had an older name (now called ARPANET).
But then there was a new way because RQ was used for real computers. It looked like this, but it had older names (now called ARPANET). The Internet was changed so that everything could receive messages at once instead of having to write to each other. It was more efficient for most people, but then it started to slow down, because it was just a process of making it more efficient. There were a lot of changes and then I began noticing that I wasn’t doing what I had originally intended. I was getting to a point where you could have an RQ machine and it took up about half a page, so there were some very complicated changes. For me it was like writing. I needed to write a bunch of code that was writing with more control and then I realized that I could write it on the fly. And then I got to thinking that I could write RQ to execute my program because RQ was not the only way to execute it. It was just code that was executing and then you could send it from RQ to a computer that had an