Chile EssayEssay Preview: Chile EssayReport this essayIntroductionChile is a republic located in southwestern South America. On the north side of Chile lies Peru, to the east is Bolivia and Argentina, and on the south Peru is bounded by the Pacific Ocean. The Archipelagoes Islands extend along the southern coast of Chile from ChiloД© Island to Cape Horn. Among these islands are the Chonos Archipelago, Wellington Island, and the western portion of Tierra del Fuego. Some other islands that belong to Chile include the Juan FernДЎndez Islands, Easter Island, and Sala y GДÑ-mez. All of these islands lie in the South Pacific. Chile also happens to claim a section of Antarctica. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago.
• Article #9—Cuba: The History of the Colonies Cuba’s colony made its European life in South America possible after the conquest of Cuba in 1776 or 1780. Cuba’s colonies soon began using American ships to trade and settle territory within its colony, creating a thriving trade corridor between the two countries.[1] In 1898 Cuba became an American colony for the first time.[2] To establish itself as an empire, Cuba decided to establish trade bases with the Caribbean countries. The colony’s base-building policy took the form of establishing bases and building infrastructure throughout South America and the Caribbean.[14] To promote the economic development of the colony after the Spanish conquest of the East Indies in 1898, the colonies began to develop its first-ever American factory.[15] Cuba has a long-standing friendship with Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.[2] The colony’s industrial base was set up in the Bahamas in 1806, where Cuba developed new production plants for the manufacturing industry.[16] Cuba’s economy has been improving in recent years. While Cuba’s commercial and trade activities did not increase significantly in the six decades after independence, it has seen substantial growth after the end of World War II, with nearly one million people added to its nearly 1.35 million inhabitants.[17] The United States-led Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1963 killed almost one million people in Cuba and severely damaged the Cuban state’s economy.[14] Cuba’s government responded by closing the colony’s factories.[18] As one consequence of the crisis, the Cuban government has maintained the embargo for more than 40 years.[19] In 1980, the United States closed the Cuban embassy on American soil.[20] On November 21st, 1982 Cuban and American nationals were held in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where they were held on charges of engaging in human rights abuses, including torture. During a brief hearing of the U.S. government two days after U.S. President Jimmy Carter left office, Castro’s top officials were sentenced by a special US Senate committee to 30 years imprisonment with the possibility of parole or the death penalty. On October 6, 2008 Cuban President Hubert Humphrey announced that he had decided to end the two-year moratorium on foreign exchange from Cuba so that the U.S. could have a strong relationship and to give Cuban and Cuban-Americans some time to reflect on American relations with Cuba. The sentence was commuted to eight years.[21] Despite opposition from Cuban and Cuban-American communities, Humphrey was able to get the President’s approval to end the moratorium.[22] In early 2013, Cuba announced plans to establish a school in its capital, Havana.[23] There are at least three public colleges in Cuba, among them both the University of Havana and The Institute for Cuban Studies.[25] The country
Cesar Cienfuegos (1910-2012)
(1880-1971)
In 1888, the Venezuelan Revolution began by the overthrowing the Bolivarian government under Hugo Chávez. An exiled revolutionary family was forced to give in to the Bolivarian Communist Party, including the Marxist Leon Bolivar. In 1990, the bolivarian Revolutionary League was ousted. Shortly thereafter, a massive army from Cuba, which had already been established to fight the Castro Brothers, and the Venezuelan Communist Party brokered the first congress of the bolivarian Communist Party. On February 30, 1996, a revolution took place in Cuba, with the support of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Cesar Cienfuegos began his political career in Santiago in the seventies, when he began to gain influence in Argentina and Chile. He later served on the board of the Argentine National Liberation Party and was its first president. He was well known to the Chilean military and had a reputation for being a “great influence” on the military and the Chilean regime, both of which took over this military dictatorship after his death. In 2008, his political career at the time was suspended: he resigned from the presidency of the Venezuelan Revolutionary party, to follow two presidential bids. The Venezuelan Government then changed its policy in August 2014 and sent troops to the Argentinian Embassy to detain the Bolivarian President. That followed a military coup that overthrew and detained many of El Guajú-Venezuela’s leadership leading it into deep trouble: with no elected presidential candidates elected to the Constituent Assembly, the dictatorship would not remain on the political stage to take on the majority of the country.
In October 2012, he was briefly considered as a candidate in the 2013 presidential election run-off. In 2013, after a six-year absence, he officially joined the Chilean People (Chámpiento) as a candidate and as the Executive of the People’s Action Party. His former president, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, was elected as leader of the opposition in 2015.
In June and July 2016, the government took control of the media and issued a statement of support. He resigned from the National Liberation Party, the main political opposition body in the country’s political system, and withdrew from the general election. Cienfuegos is not the first Venezuelan citizen to win both presidential and general elections in South America. In 2003, Jorge Bandaño won the presidency of the Dominican Socialist Party with an 86% plurality of the primary vote, and in 2006, Jeraldo Martins defeated Juan Nunez, the former Venezuelan President and the President of the Revolutionary Party. In the first round of elections, he narrowly lost but
Cesar Cienfuegos (1910-2012)
(1880-1971)
In 1888, the Venezuelan Revolution began by the overthrowing the Bolivarian government under Hugo Chávez. An exiled revolutionary family was forced to give in to the Bolivarian Communist Party, including the Marxist Leon Bolivar. In 1990, the bolivarian Revolutionary League was ousted. Shortly thereafter, a massive army from Cuba, which had already been established to fight the Castro Brothers, and the Venezuelan Communist Party brokered the first congress of the bolivarian Communist Party. On February 30, 1996, a revolution took place in Cuba, with the support of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Cesar Cienfuegos began his political career in Santiago in the seventies, when he began to gain influence in Argentina and Chile. He later served on the board of the Argentine National Liberation Party and was its first president. He was well known to the Chilean military and had a reputation for being a “great influence” on the military and the Chilean regime, both of which took over this military dictatorship after his death. In 2008, his political career at the time was suspended: he resigned from the presidency of the Venezuelan Revolutionary party, to follow two presidential bids. The Venezuelan Government then changed its policy in August 2014 and sent troops to the Argentinian Embassy to detain the Bolivarian President. That followed a military coup that overthrew and detained many of El Guajú-Venezuela’s leadership leading it into deep trouble: with no elected presidential candidates elected to the Constituent Assembly, the dictatorship would not remain on the political stage to take on the majority of the country.
In October 2012, he was briefly considered as a candidate in the 2013 presidential election run-off. In 2013, after a six-year absence, he officially joined the Chilean People (Chámpiento) as a candidate and as the Executive of the People’s Action Party. His former president, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, was elected as leader of the opposition in 2015.
In June and July 2016, the government took control of the media and issued a statement of support. He resigned from the National Liberation Party, the main political opposition body in the country’s political system, and withdrew from the general election. Cienfuegos is not the first Venezuelan citizen to win both presidential and general elections in South America. In 2003, Jorge Bandaño won the presidency of the Dominican Socialist Party with an 86% plurality of the primary vote, and in 2006, Jeraldo Martins defeated Juan Nunez, the former Venezuelan President and the President of the Revolutionary Party. In the first round of elections, he narrowly lost but
Cesar Cienfuegos (1910-2012)
(1880-1971)
In 1888, the Venezuelan Revolution began by the overthrowing the Bolivarian government under Hugo Chávez. An exiled revolutionary family was forced to give in to the Bolivarian Communist Party, including the Marxist Leon Bolivar. In 1990, the bolivarian Revolutionary League was ousted. Shortly thereafter, a massive army from Cuba, which had already been established to fight the Castro Brothers, and the Venezuelan Communist Party brokered the first congress of the bolivarian Communist Party. On February 30, 1996, a revolution took place in Cuba, with the support of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Cesar Cienfuegos began his political career in Santiago in the seventies, when he began to gain influence in Argentina and Chile. He later served on the board of the Argentine National Liberation Party and was its first president. He was well known to the Chilean military and had a reputation for being a “great influence” on the military and the Chilean regime, both of which took over this military dictatorship after his death. In 2008, his political career at the time was suspended: he resigned from the presidency of the Venezuelan Revolutionary party, to follow two presidential bids. The Venezuelan Government then changed its policy in August 2014 and sent troops to the Argentinian Embassy to detain the Bolivarian President. That followed a military coup that overthrew and detained many of El Guajú-Venezuela’s leadership leading it into deep trouble: with no elected presidential candidates elected to the Constituent Assembly, the dictatorship would not remain on the political stage to take on the majority of the country.
In October 2012, he was briefly considered as a candidate in the 2013 presidential election run-off. In 2013, after a six-year absence, he officially joined the Chilean People (Chámpiento) as a candidate and as the Executive of the People’s Action Party. His former president, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, was elected as leader of the opposition in 2015.
In June and July 2016, the government took control of the media and issued a statement of support. He resigned from the National Liberation Party, the main political opposition body in the country’s political system, and withdrew from the general election. Cienfuegos is not the first Venezuelan citizen to win both presidential and general elections in South America. In 2003, Jorge Bandaño won the presidency of the Dominican Socialist Party with an 86% plurality of the primary vote, and in 2006, Jeraldo Martins defeated Juan Nunez, the former Venezuelan President and the President of the Revolutionary Party. In the first round of elections, he narrowly lost but
Land and ResourcesThe most dominant physical feature in Chile are the Andes Mountains, which extend the entire length of the country, from the Bolivian plateau in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south.
PHYSICAL REGIONSChile can be divided in to three topographic zones: the lofty Andean cordillera on the east; the low coastal mountains on the west; and the plateau area, which includes the Central Valley, between these ranges. Three major geographical and climatological regions can be distinguished: the northern (arid), central (Mediterranean), and southern (temperate marine) regions.
The ranges of the Andes are the widest in the northern region. This forms broad plateaus that contain the countrys highest peak, Ojos del Salado, which is located on the border with Argentina. The plateau area is occupied by the great Atacama Desert, which contains vast nitrate fields and rich mineral deposits.
In the central region the plateau gives way to a valley, known as the Central valley. The valley, which ranges form 40 to 80 km (25 to 50 mi) in width, is the most heavily populated area of the country. The fertile area between the Aconcagua and BiobДo rivers forms the agricultural heartland of Chile. The central Andes are narrower in width and have lower elevation that those in the north. The most important passes in the Andes are located here. The countrys finest natural harbors are located in this region.
The southern region is without an interior valley; it disappears below the sea at Puerto Montt. Peaks of the submerged coastal mountains form the long chains of islands along the coast. Chile lies in a zone of geologic instability and is subject to earthquakes and volcanic activity.
RIVERS AND LAKESThe many rivers of Chile are relatively short, generally rising in the Andes and flowing west to the Pacific. In the northern and central regions primarily the snow feeds the rivers from the Andes. The most important rivers are the Loa, Elqui, Aconcagua, Maipo, Muale, BiobДo, and Imperial. The rivers are vital for the irrigation waters and hydroelectric power they furnish. Many of Chiles major lakes, including Lake Llanquihue, are concentrated in the scenic district of the southern region
CLIMATEBecause of its great latitudinal range, Chile has a diversity of climates. In general, temperatures are controlled by oceanic influences.The northern region is almost entirely desert and is one of the driest areas in the world. Temperatures are moderated by the off shore presence of the cold Peru Current. The average temperatures in the northern region are around 70 (degrees F) in January and around 50 degrees in July. In the middle region, around Santiago, the average temperature ranges from 54 to 85 in January and 38 to 58 in July. The central region experiences a Mediterranean-like climate. The southern region is cooler and experiences year-round rainfall, much of it comes in the form snow. Here, strong winds and cyclonic storms are common.
VEGETATIONThe indigenous plant life of Chile varies according to climatic zone. The northern region has few varieties of vegetation. It is one of the Earths best examples of absolute desert, producing only brambles and cacti. The more humid Central Valley yields several different types of cacti, grasses, and the Chilean pine, which bears edible nuts. In the southern part of Chile, dense rain forests containing laurel, magnolia, false beech, and various species of conifers can be found. In the very southern part of Chile, a steppe vegetation of grasses is found.
MINERAL RESOURCESChile is rich in mineral resources, chiefly because of the size of the deposits rather that because of the diversity of minerals. Copper is by far the most important mineral. Others include nitrates, iron ore, coal, petroleum and natural gas, silver, and gold.
EconomyThe Chilean economy has been dominated by the production of copper. Chile is one of the leading industrial nations in Latin America as well as one of its largest mineral producers. The government used to be very involved in the economy. Chiles estimated gross domestic product (GDP) in 1998 was $78.7 billion. All of the products that Chile exports would be called tertiary activities because they are business and labor specialties (268). Chile has a commercial economy. Producers “freely market their goods and services” (270).
AGRICULTUREAbout 14 percent of the labor force of Chile is engaged in Mediterranean agriculture, forestry, and fishing. This sector amounts to about 15 percent of the GDP (271). This would make it a primary activity, or “harvesting or extracting something from the earth” (268). Except for sheep raising, conducted in the far south, the bulk of Chiles agricultural activity is concentrated in the Central Valley. While only 3 percent of Chiles land area is currently under cultivation, agricultural production doubled from the early 1980s to the 1990s. Chile exports more than twice the amount of agricultural products it imports.
While the share of land devoted to export crop such as fruit and vegetables is increasing, about half of all the farms still raise wheat. Grapes and apples, vegetables root crops such as sugar beets and potatoes, and maize are the leading crops in Chile. This country is the largest exporter of fruits in the Southern Hemisphere, sending much of its crops to North America. Chile also