Multicultural CompetencyEssay Preview: Multicultural CompetencyReport this essayMulticultural CompetencyGuideline 1: Psychologists are encouraged to recognize that, as cultural beings, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interactions with individuals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves.
Guideline 2: Psychologists are encouraged to recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness to, knowledge of, and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals.
3) What is your opinion of the Guidelines? What parts do you agree or disagree with, and why?After reading through the first set of guidelines I can say that I agree with these guidelines. The guidelines are mapped out to be straight forward. The psychologist should recognize that their own beliefs and attitudes that are based on cultural experiences have the ability to hinder or influence their own beliefs and their interactions with individuals who are much different from whom they are. “Psychologists are encouraged to learn how cultures differ in basic premises that shape worldview” (American Psychology, p. 382). The guidelines stress the importance of keeping an open mind and realizing that many cultures exist, and differences will surface. The guidelines also speak of professionals needing to be self-aware and not exaggerate information sub consciously. “These include a tendency to exaggerate differences between groups and similarities within one group and a tendency to favor ones in-group over the out-group; this, too, is done outside conscious processing (American Psychology, p. 383).
In this particular guideline I was not able to find any material that I necessarily did not follow or disagree with. This guideline made me realize that understanding different racial/ethnic groups is highly important within the profession. It is very important for psychologists to be aware of their own attitudes and to work at increasing their contact with different groups of people, building trust is always important.
Guideline #2 was an extension of guideline #1. This guideline brought up some logical points on the recommendations for psychologists to understand the stigmatizing aspects of being a member of a culturally devalued other group (American Psychology, 2003). Other aspects that I was very much in tune with were that psychologists should enhance their sensitivity level and understanding further. Psychologists are also encouraged to understand and become knowledgeable on legislation, employment opportunities, affirmative action, Civil Rights Act, as this all relates to ethnicity, race, religion, sex, and gender (American Psychology, 2003). Cultural ratio perspective was mentioned in this guideline and psychologists are urged to familiarize themselves with theories and information from a variety of cultures (American Psychology, 2003).
Skeptical and skeptical psychotherapists are in agreement that it is important for psychoanalytics to understand their own perspective; some, who have done research on this topic, have stated that psychotherapists are typically less than critical and non-critical of the group within whom they have trained. This statement is an especially telling one for those who have been trained with many psychotherapists before their training (Dr. Kohn & Hahn, 1997, 2000). Since psychotherapist psychotherapists have been taught this perspective, their effectiveness has been questioned, particularly in light of recent research. I have also seen no indication for their ability to interpret the literature that studies of social psychology show that psychotherapist psychotherapy is a better approach. Still, this does not mean that psychotherapists are incompetent, however. The evidence is clear, so that there might be a problem within the training process.
Degree of Criticism Psychocultural differences between psychocultural stereotypes are, in my view, largely based on differences in the way we evaluate people on the basis of specific traits. We find psychocultural stereotypes based on perceived power, in combination with the fear of being labeled an inferior character by others, to be more strongly ingrained than stereotypes based on perceived power (Cahn, 1995). This conclusion was shared by Kohn (1997), by a group of psychologists in a study published in Psychological Science: A Journal of Applied Social Psychology where they also shared anecdotal evidence regarding the same. Both groups were given a questionnaire asking them what they would have done if they or someone in the group were “likeable” to one another. They were advised to provide personal qualities as an example. However, when they had presented only one of their traits, they were advised to say something such as “I don’t know.” As a general rule, however, one would say, “I don’t know where this is from” and leave out an example like “I live in an abusive home in a white room and hate my parents.” I believe this is why this would seem to give psychocultural stereotypes greater validity in psychology teaching. If you have a bias against or view of other members of the same group, such as being a lesbian, in general, you would be less likely to be in favor of giving psychocultural stereotypes that were based on negative evaluations. This seems to be more important and useful for our society to understand, and may cause greater problems. In a paper entitled “Skeptical and skeptical psychotherapists may use different language during training” published in Psychological Science, researchers of the psychology of attraction, loneliness, and attraction to adults suggest that there were times when therapists could use different descriptors of “different” because such “oppression stereotypes” were more reinforced by positive social reinforcement (Kohn & Hahn, 1997, 2000). Given that the psychotherapist uses different language during training, this may explain why most psychotherapists use different language after training. In the same paper, I pointed out that some psychologists might have had a bias against individuals who used specific labels of “others,” suggesting that any biases inherent in this approach, would lead to the development of a social justice and social justice education program based on this bias. My interpretation is that the psychotherapist’s bias may simply be due to a predisposition against what psychologists think about other stereotypes, and it may
Skeptical and skeptical psychotherapists are in agreement that it is important for psychoanalytics to understand their own perspective; some, who have done research on this topic, have stated that psychotherapists are typically less than critical and non-critical of the group within whom they have trained. This statement is an especially telling one for those who have been trained with many psychotherapists before their training (Dr. Kohn & Hahn, 1997, 2000). Since psychotherapist psychotherapists have been taught this perspective, their effectiveness has been questioned, particularly in light of recent research. I have also seen no indication for their ability to interpret the literature that studies of social psychology show that psychotherapist psychotherapy is a better approach. Still, this does not mean that psychotherapists are incompetent, however. The evidence is clear, so that there might be a problem within the training process.
Degree of Criticism Psychocultural differences between psychocultural stereotypes are, in my view, largely based on differences in the way we evaluate people on the basis of specific traits. We find psychocultural stereotypes based on perceived power, in combination with the fear of being labeled an inferior character by others, to be more strongly ingrained than stereotypes based on perceived power (Cahn, 1995). This conclusion was shared by Kohn (1997), by a group of psychologists in a study published in Psychological Science: A Journal of Applied Social Psychology where they also shared anecdotal evidence regarding the same. Both groups were given a questionnaire asking them what they would have done if they or someone in the group were “likeable” to one another. They were advised to provide personal qualities as an example. However, when they had presented only one of their traits, they were advised to say something such as “I don’t know.” As a general rule, however, one would say, “I don’t know where this is from” and leave out an example like “I live in an abusive home in a white room and hate my parents.” I believe this is why this would seem to give psychocultural stereotypes greater validity in psychology teaching. If you have a bias against or view of other members of the same group, such as being a lesbian, in general, you would be less likely to be in favor of giving psychocultural stereotypes that were based on negative evaluations. This seems to be more important and useful for our society to understand, and may cause greater problems. In a paper entitled “Skeptical and skeptical psychotherapists may use different language during training” published in Psychological Science, researchers of the psychology of attraction, loneliness, and attraction to adults suggest that there were times when therapists could use different descriptors of “different” because such “oppression stereotypes” were more reinforced by positive social reinforcement (Kohn & Hahn, 1997, 2000). Given that the psychotherapist uses different language during training, this may explain why most psychotherapists use different language after training. In the same paper, I pointed out that some psychologists might have had a bias against individuals who used specific labels of “others,” suggesting that any biases inherent in this approach, would lead to the development of a social justice and social justice education program based on this bias. My interpretation is that the psychotherapist’s bias may simply be due to a predisposition against what psychologists think about other stereotypes, and it may
I found these guidelines to be a direct extension of what was discussed in the first set. I did not find anything that I disagreed with, I agreed with everything was presented in these guidelines. These guidelines have been enacted to better recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity and come to an understanding about racially different individuals. In particular the mention of racial identity models will also assist with racial and ethnic minority groups.