Essay About Output-Electromagnetic Radiation Emr And Σ T

Atmospheric Composition
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Chapter4[pic 1]Atmospheric composition Primarily gases                   – uniform mixture to about 80 km                     – also termed homosphere(均质层)Homosphere=Ozonosphere+mesosphere     Troposphere+Stratosphere+Mesosphere 对流层      同温层     中间层(50-80km) Heterosphere= Thermosphere 非均质层       热大气层• Includes suspended solids and liquids        – aerosols, particulates• Also includes water vapour(水蒸气) as a gasLapse Rate-normal LR=6.4°/1000mEarths energy system-open flow system, input=output-Electromagnetic radiation EMR is main source-incoming EMR consist of-short wavelengths, insolation-insolation= incoming solar radiation-energy inflow = 1372Wm -2-Outgoing energy:-Reflected shortwave radiation-emitted, long wavelength radiationEMR-all object with T > 0 oK (–273.15 oC) emit EMR-Stefan-Boltzmann law(emission rate)   M=σ T^4 where σ=5.67*10^-8-When T increase, wavelength of maximum radiation intensity decrease  Wiens displacement law： 入max = b/T    where b= 2898(umk), T is in Kelvins(K)Sun: 6000°, radiation intensity high, In putting shorter wavelengths:      -ultraviolet+visible light+shortwave infraredEarth:T=15° low intensity, emitting longwave radiation: thermal infraredEarth material affect insolation: scattering, refraction, reflection, absorption-2/3 solar energy is absorbed by earth;             (Cloud does both)-absorbed E emit as long wave, and atmosphere re-absorbs and counter-radiates some E back toward surface——————-counter radiation constitutes Greenhouse effectEnergy:  equilibrium—in long term; no Eq is shorter period/smaller areasAltitudinal(高度)，latitudinal, land-water, urban-ruralTemperature inversion: upper air warmer than lower air