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Background Information
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the complications in various population and Ñsocieties, mostly the developing countries. These patients suffer from retention of undesirable Ñsubstance in blood stream due to renal or kidney failure. The incidence of ESRD is increasing Ñworldwide at an annual rate of 8% (Bamgboye, 2003, p. 93). Statistics show that in different Ñcountries one of 1000 general populations suffers from this chronic debilitating disease. The Ñmodality for treatment of these patients is Hemodialysis (HD), Peritoneal dialysis (PD), and ÑKidney Transplantation. Ñ
During HD blood is sent from the body to an outside machine (dialyser) that filters out the Ñwaste and extra fluids then blood return to body. HD is the most popular method for treating ÑESRDs patients in the world. Nearly one million people are receiving HD worldwide ÑÑ(Bamgboye, 2003, p. 93). Ñ
PD is an alternative treatment to hemodialysis, this form of dialysis is usually performed Ñby the patient at home. PD occurs inside the body using the peritoneal membrane (the lining of Ñthe abdomen) as a filter. This membrane also covers the organs, which lie within the abdominal Ñcavity. The peritoneal membrane is semi permeable, allowing certain size substances to pass Ñthrough it (Luongo, 2003, p. 249). However, PD practical for patients with high education and Ñafter one year using PD patients will be faced with complications. For these reasons, today, PD Ñhas very low proportion in dialysis treatment in the world (Barsoum, 2002, p. 740).Ñ
Kidney Transplantation is very expensive substitute, which is not available for every one. ÑIt need so many prolegomenon work and it need another healthy donor patient who give one of Ñhis kidney or very professional cadaver networking transplantation to find match kidney from Ñnew death body for patients.