Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory.
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Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory
Demonstrates the diversity of interrelated influences on the child’s development.
it was made to explain how the inherent qualities of a child and his environment interact to influence how it will grow and develop
stressed the importance of studying a child in the context of multiple environments aka ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS in the attempt to understand his development.
MICROSYSTEM
smallest and most immediate environment
E.g.
Home, school, daycare, peer group
interactions within the microsystem typically involve personal relationships with family members, classmates, teachers
NOTE: this group affects how the child will grow
how he will react to people in the microsystem will influence how they treat the child in return
IMPORTANT
More nurturing and more supportive interactions and relationships will understandably foster the child’s improved development
Even if 2 child/siblings, even if they have the same ecological systems, they can still experience different systems
MESOSYSTEM
Interaction of different microsystems which the developing child finds himself in.
Involves linkages between home and school, between peer group and family, or family and church
Relationship with the microsystem
EXOSYSTEM
Linkages between two or more settings
Lahat pwedeng makaaffect kahit malayo na yung connection
1 immediate, 1 not
Parent’s job and child’s school
MACROSYSTEM
Largest and most distance
Cultural values
Beliefs and ideas
War kids experiences differ from peace kids
CHRONOSYSTEM
Useful dimension of time
Influence both change and constancy
Family, structure, address, economic cycles, wars
MODULE 1
Perspectives about the self
What is the self?
“To every complex question there’s a simple answer-and it is clever, neat, and wrong!”
H.L. Mencken
PHILOSOPHY
Elusive, enigmatic, extraordinarily
To understand the self from this perspective is to study how philosophers conceptualized the self across time
SOCRATES
BODY AND SOUL
Body is the physical realm, changing, dies
Soul is the ideal realm-it survives after death
Strives for perfection, reason, and wisdom
PLATO
Reason- our divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths
Physical Appetite – our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire
Spirit or passion- our basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy
ST. AUGUSTINE
Immaterial soul vs. body
Theologian
Neoplatonism
Connected Plato’s idea of the self to the tenets of Christianity- immortal soul
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
Followed Aristotle
Matter and Form
Matter- material universe
Form- essence, what it is
Require each other to exist
Form and body cannot be separated
Soul- differs living from non-living
The body has life existence actualized by the soul
RENE DESCARTES
Modern perspective of the self
Duality also specifically, the mind and body
Recognized the interaction of the two
Tried to localize the self by identifying a part of the brain
Pineal gland- an effort to connect the mind to a physical body
JOHN LOCKE
The self is consciousness
Empiricism
Tabula rasa- experience writes on, knowledge comes from experience
Consciousness as an important part of a coherent identity
The essence of the self is its conscious awareness
It’s not contained in a substance or a soul
DAVID HUME
There is no self
The only content of our experiences are impressions and ideas
The self is a bundle of perceptions. Identity does not last since our sensations are mobile and changing
IMMANUEL KANT
Our primary experience of the world is not in terms of a disconnected stream of sensations
WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF