Sylivia Plath
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As a poet Sylivia Plath has been renowned for her style of writing and the power she evokes from her ideas in her poems. The themes of her poems tend to be of a negative nature with war, death and the problem of patriarchal societies as such topics. One of Plaths most famous pieces of poetry is Daddy. The poem focuses on Plaths father, a man who left her at an early age resulting in a burning hatred on her behalf for him. Daddy is an example of Plaths dark and gloomy work and also displays her common poetic devices of vivid imagery, metaphors, similes and irregularity throughout her poems.
Ideally everybody deserves to grow up with two living parents, however Plath was not given this opportunity as her father died when she was only eight. In the poem Daddy, Plath, as the speaker, is having a one-way conversation with her father expressing all her feelings, anguish and how she tried to compensate for his death. The poem itself bares no metaphorical reading, only a literal reading which is broken up into three parts.
A common technique that Plath uses in her poetry is the metaphor. An example of one lies within the first stanza of Daddy.
Any more, black shoe
In which I have lived like a foot
For thirty years, poor and white
Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.
Here the persona uses the simile “like a foot” to compare herself to a foot. Metaphorically she is describing how she has had to live her life without her father, entrapped in black sadness like how a foot is tightly enclosed within a shoe. The reader is positioned to see that life can become very grim growing up without an important figure in a persons life such as their father.
The second part of Daddy deals with World War II, a prominent event in our recent history, but was a negative one as it was filled with destruction, bloodshed and trauma. Firstly to set the scene vivid imagery is used. The phrases “It stuck in a barb wire snare” and ” A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen” paints the picture of the notorious concentration camps of death with barb wire surrounding it. Another example of war imagery is when the persona refers to “Panzer-man, panzer-man, O You-.” These soldiers of the German army were one of the most feared, as they were the men who drove the tanks. Finally the line “So black no sky could squeak through” sums up the overall atmosphere of a war with its dark and gloomy nature. With this example of Plaths use of imagery, she has been able to develop a picture of war and its horrific nature.
As a race, the Jews arguably went through the most suffering in World War II. Millions fell victim to an attempt of ethnic cleansing ordered by Hitler. However Plath believed her suffering from the loss of her father was just as great as what many Jewish people went through. In the poem the persona uses several similes, a common technique of Plath, in the seventh stanza.
An engine, an engine
Chuffing me off like a Jew.
A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen.
I began to talk like a Jew.
I think I may well be a Jew.
The similes within this stanza position the reader to see the great degree of suffering the speaker went through, as it is compared to the torment and anguish millions went through during World War II and in turn, sympathy is drawn from the reader as everyone deserves to grow up with two living parents.
When the persona describes her father, she again draws upon war imagery in the form of the Nazi soldiers and Hitler himself. The description given is in the ninth stanza.
I have always been scared of you,
With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo.
And your neat moustache
And your Aryan eye, bright blue.
By comparing her father to Hitler, the speaker creates a parallel in that Hitler was responsible for the lives of so many Jews. In parallel, her father is like Hitler and she is like