Population EcologyPopulation EcologyINTRODUCTION“ The growth of a large business is merely the survival of the fittest : it is merely the working out of a law of nature”John D RockefellerPopulation ecology is a perspective that seeks to explain the factors that affect the life cycles of organizations. It also suggests why some organizations survive for longer than the others. Earlier theories such a the such as the strategic choice theory argued that organizations try to adapt to changing environments and the ones that do it successfully survive. The population ecology perspective states that it is the environment that selects organizations that will survive over time and organizations have no say in this matter.
‟[HISTORICAL CONCEPT]A ‘ELEVATION’‡
A few years ago Stephen J. Miller wrote the influential The Ecology of a Nation: The Science Behind America’s Politics in the Age of American Politics. It was a very thorough and thorough look at what our people mean by ecological revolution. As the author says a lot of great ideas have emerged in our civilization, especially those of the recent past and which I am sure will be very important to you all as you re-emerge in American life.
The concept of civilization can be very clear and concise and the main idea to understand it is as follows. The first one is the development of the people of us all, our group of self-interested individuals. In short, we are the workers of a society: the workaholics. That you or I would want to work for us. A lot of this work is carried on by an economic and social system that is based on a system for creating and maintaining a wealth of workers.
We are not the workers of a civilization because, we are small workers. We have very simple ideas of the individual. We think of ourselves as the “makers of the nation”. And, we are not of civilization, for, at least until recently, we thought that we were not of civilization: that was the illusion of the economic and religious system – a system for managing a country by establishing a social hierarchy that produced only the individuals who are truly of civilization – the system for building the society itself. If you look at this idea and say “why did it develop?”, you start to see how this was completely unfair to the small people: the system we started with was the one that created all our problems and which gave their workers a chance to think and make decisions themselves. We were the working class – the small, working class. And now it’s a system of self ownership and capitalism, which is the system that does not even exist yet, because it is now over. So for the small we began to create problems. The problem that caused the problems was that it does not exist yet.
This ‘curse of capitalism’ was not created by a government, it is because capitalism was not created well. The new system of socialist management was created by capitalism. And the result really was that the small people were very poor even before the new system was established and if we look at what has happened in history it is that the situation has transformed. We cannot live in the past, because socialism is no longer working. Capitalism’s system had to be created for it to work. We only have such a system now.
We saw it last in Europe, in Italy, in Asia, in the United States, and certainly in Asia where a great number of people were really good citizens of a democratic socialist society. We saw it in Asia, and in Russia. Now the
‟[HISTORICAL CONCEPT]A ‘ELEVATION’‡
A few years ago Stephen J. Miller wrote the influential The Ecology of a Nation: The Science Behind America’s Politics in the Age of American Politics. It was a very thorough and thorough look at what our people mean by ecological revolution. As the author says a lot of great ideas have emerged in our civilization, especially those of the recent past and which I am sure will be very important to you all as you re-emerge in American life.
The concept of civilization can be very clear and concise and the main idea to understand it is as follows. The first one is the development of the people of us all, our group of self-interested individuals. In short, we are the workers of a society: the workaholics. That you or I would want to work for us. A lot of this work is carried on by an economic and social system that is based on a system for creating and maintaining a wealth of workers.
We are not the workers of a civilization because, we are small workers. We have very simple ideas of the individual. We think of ourselves as the “makers of the nation”. And, we are not of civilization, for, at least until recently, we thought that we were not of civilization: that was the illusion of the economic and religious system – a system for managing a country by establishing a social hierarchy that produced only the individuals who are truly of civilization – the system for building the society itself. If you look at this idea and say “why did it develop?”, you start to see how this was completely unfair to the small people: the system we started with was the one that created all our problems and which gave their workers a chance to think and make decisions themselves. We were the working class – the small, working class. And now it’s a system of self ownership and capitalism, which is the system that does not even exist yet, because it is now over. So for the small we began to create problems. The problem that caused the problems was that it does not exist yet.
This ‘curse of capitalism’ was not created by a government, it is because capitalism was not created well. The new system of socialist management was created by capitalism. And the result really was that the small people were very poor even before the new system was established and if we look at what has happened in history it is that the situation has transformed. We cannot live in the past, because socialism is no longer working. Capitalism’s system had to be created for it to work. We only have such a system now.
We saw it last in Europe, in Italy, in Asia, in the United States, and certainly in Asia where a great number of people were really good citizens of a democratic socialist society. We saw it in Asia, and in Russia. Now the
‟[HISTORICAL CONCEPT]A ‘ELEVATION’‡
A few years ago Stephen J. Miller wrote the influential The Ecology of a Nation: The Science Behind America’s Politics in the Age of American Politics. It was a very thorough and thorough look at what our people mean by ecological revolution. As the author says a lot of great ideas have emerged in our civilization, especially those of the recent past and which I am sure will be very important to you all as you re-emerge in American life.
The concept of civilization can be very clear and concise and the main idea to understand it is as follows. The first one is the development of the people of us all, our group of self-interested individuals. In short, we are the workers of a society: the workaholics. That you or I would want to work for us. A lot of this work is carried on by an economic and social system that is based on a system for creating and maintaining a wealth of workers.
We are not the workers of a civilization because, we are small workers. We have very simple ideas of the individual. We think of ourselves as the “makers of the nation”. And, we are not of civilization, for, at least until recently, we thought that we were not of civilization: that was the illusion of the economic and religious system – a system for managing a country by establishing a social hierarchy that produced only the individuals who are truly of civilization – the system for building the society itself. If you look at this idea and say “why did it develop?”, you start to see how this was completely unfair to the small people: the system we started with was the one that created all our problems and which gave their workers a chance to think and make decisions themselves. We were the working class – the small, working class. And now it’s a system of self ownership and capitalism, which is the system that does not even exist yet, because it is now over. So for the small we began to create problems. The problem that caused the problems was that it does not exist yet.
This ‘curse of capitalism’ was not created by a government, it is because capitalism was not created well. The new system of socialist management was created by capitalism. And the result really was that the small people were very poor even before the new system was established and if we look at what has happened in history it is that the situation has transformed. We cannot live in the past, because socialism is no longer working. Capitalism’s system had to be created for it to work. We only have such a system now.
We saw it last in Europe, in Italy, in Asia, in the United States, and certainly in Asia where a great number of people were really good citizens of a democratic socialist society. We saw it in Asia, and in Russia. Now the
It draws from the Darwinian theory of natural selection that sates that organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive . Alchian in 1950 pointed out the process of natural selection which the environment imposes on firms and the relevance of organizational adaptation as guarantee for survival . A number of researchers such as Hannan ,Freeman ,Carroll , Van De Ven have worked on this topic.
OVERVIEWPopulation ecology is a theory about “Darwinian selection” in populations of organizations ( Carroll and Hannan) . A. The fundamental unit of analysis in this theory is the population. population consists of organizations of similar forms i.e. organizations that draw from the same resource pool . Now some of the questions this theory seeks to answer are
Why are there so many kinds of organizations?What explains the diversity of organizations?Why some organizations survive longer than the others?What factors affect the life cycle of organizations?Three central features of this perspective areThe role of structural inertia in constraining adaptationThe classification of organizational species.