Competitiveness in Portuguese Regions
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Introduction:
The aim of this report is to investigate the competitiveness of the �poorest’ region, defined as the lowest level of Gross Value Added (GVA) per Capita in 2008, in Portugal.
Using data from 1980 to 2008, this report will compare the tendencies of convergence and divergence amongst the regions in Part I. An analysis of the extent to which prosperity was affected by productivity and employment levels in the poorest region will follow in Part II. Lastly, in Part III, 2 scenarios are developed for the poorest region looking 2 decades into the future.
Below in table 1 is a regional breakdown of levels of GVA per Capita in 2008, including the national GVA level and the GVA level of the Continente (mainland Portugal, excluding the autonomous regions of the Acores and Madeira):
Table 1: National and regional breakdown of GVA per Capita
Country/Region
GVA per Capita (2008)
Portugal
9.30
Continente
9.33
Norte
7.16
Centro
7.59
Lisboa e V.do Tejo
12.72
Alentejo
7.83
Algarve
9.82
Acores
7.08
Madeira
10.40
The poorest region for the criteria explained above is Acores (PT2).
Part I
Section A
This section of part one outlines the extent of convergence and divergence of the Portuguese Regions.
Figure 1 below shows overall divergence of Portuguese regions (excluding the Continente) based on average GVA per Capita growth rates from 1980 to 2008.
Figure 1: Divergence of Portuguese Average % Regional Growth Rates (1980 to 2008)
Below in table 2, the average growth rates of the regions, between 1981and 2008 are shown. PT14 has grown the least in the last 27 years, while the autonomous region of PT3 has grown the fastest (in terms of GVA per Capita).
Table 2: Regional breakdown of average growth rates (1980 – 2008) and prosp[erity levels (in terms of GVA per Capita, 2008)
Region
GVA 1980
Growth 80 – 08
GVA per Capita (2008)
Norte
12913
2.815953439
7.16
Centro
2.976264393
7.59
Lisboa e V.do Tejo
21045
2.832099428
12.72
Alentejo
1.872330082
7.83
Algarve
3.964443241
9.82
Acores
3.224902606
7.08
Madeira
4.452186392
10.04
From looking at table 2 we see that the region with the highest level of prosperity, PT13, is the fifth fastest growing region. Regions such as PT15 and PT2, with lower levels of prosperity, are growing at a faster rate showing convergence with PT13.
The fastest growing region, PT3, has overtaken larger (in terms of area) regions in the Continente, such as PT15 (the third most prosperous in 2008), PT11 and PT12 (second and third last in terms of prosperity, respectively).
Section B
In this section three measures are used to illustrate how the Acores region diverged with the (unweighted) National Average:
First, in Figure 2 below, we see how the prosperity levels of the Acores region and the National average compare and show divergence.
Figure 2: Comparison of Acores and National Average in terms of levels of prosperity.
The directions of the trendlines show an increasing gap between prosperity levels.
In figure 3 below: this gap is exaggerated and it becomes apparent how little the Acores region contributes to the total prosperity of Portugal (and the autonomous regions). Though figure 2is the best indicator of divergence.
Figure 3: Comparison of